Topic 2: Drug Administration - Tablet, injection, cream or patch?

Label the image with the correct administration route

Which of the following routes of administration produces the most immediate effect of the drug administered?

Administration of a drug to the skin means that there will be no systemic effects.

Once a drug has been absorbed into the general circulation it may enter any organ in the body.

Drugs given sublingually:

Insulin is absorbed well after oral administration

When a drug is administered sublingually, it is placed under the tongue but not swallowed.

Oral administration is always the best way to administer a drug as side effects are usually minimal.

Inhaling Salbutamol delivers it to its site of action, the lungs, directly.

Aspirin can survive the digestive tract and liver in sufficient amounts to be effective when swallowed as a tablet.

Glyceryl trinitrate is safe in oily solutions and useful for dilating blood vessels when treating angina pectoris.

Which of the following is not effective when administered orally due to extensive first pass metabolism?

First pass metabolism occurs when a drug administered orally is absorbed from the GIT and metabolised in the

Glyceryl trinitrate is not destroyed by digestive enzymes in the stomach but is metabolised by enzymes in the liver

The oily nature of glyceryl trinitrate means it can be given by injection

Absorption from the skin is much more rapid than from the mouth

The transdermal method is useful as a preventive measure.

Choosing the correct route of administration is based on: I. Administering drugs, where possible, directly to their site of action to reduce side effects and provide rapid action. II. Where direct administration cannot be done, drugs are usually administered orally as it is easier to swallow a pill then get an injection. III. Another route is chosen when a drug is unsuitable for administration orally, rapid effect is needed and patient is unconcious IV. When oral route is unsuitable, injection is usually done.

A drug that is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously will be absorbed quicker then intravenous injection

Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections have a longer lasting effect then intravenous injection

The four basic stages of a drug in the body are

Pharmacokinetics is a term referring to the administration, distribution, metabolism, elimination of drugs in the body.

Lipid solubility of a drug is an important factor in determining its rate of absorption.

Which of the following factors is NOT an important determinant of the rate and extent of absorption of drugs

In general, the faster a drug moves from the stomach to small intestine, the faster it will be absorbed.

For drugs taken orally, what does NOT determine the rate and extent of absorption of drugs

The way a drug is distributed around the body is largely influenced by its affinity for various tissue components, such as proteins, fats or water.

Protein binding is a potential source of drug interactions if multiple drugs are taken and can cause displacement of drugs from proteins, increasing their availability at the sites of action and may result in dangerously high levels that are capable of producing toxic effects.

Metabolism of drugs tends to result in metabolites that are less lipid-soluble so that they are easier to excrete.

The drug or molecule with greater affinity for an enzyme will be metabolised more readily,

The development of tolerance to some drugs can sometimes be due to the ability of the drug to stimulate an increase in the production of their metabolic enzymes and thereby accelerate their own rate of metabolism.

The activity of drug metabolising enzymes in the liver can be affected by other drugs or food

Which of the following statements best defines bioavailability?

Drug bioavailability, or the amount of drug available in the bloodstream, is decreased by: