MICR223 Innate Immunity

Descripción

Test sobre MICR223 Innate Immunity, creado por ruby.white94 el 03/10/2013.
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Test por ruby.white94, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por ruby.white94 hace más de 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What is involved in distinguishing between dangerous and non dangerous pathogens?
Respuesta
  • Inflammasome
  • NLRs
  • Both
  • Neither

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What is a PAMP?
Respuesta
  • Pathogen association membrane proteins
  • Protein assisted molecular pathway
  • Pathogen associated molecular patterns
  • Pathogen antigen model patterns

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What does a PRR do?
Respuesta
  • Transport proteins around the cell
  • Produces cytokines directly
  • Affects gene transcription
  • Recognises pathogen patterns
  • Starts a signalling pathway

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Which of the following is incorrect about PAMPS
Respuesta
  • Flagellin is the PAMP for flagellated bacteria
  • Lipolysaccharides is the PAMP for Gram -ve bacteria
  • Peptidoglycan is also a PAMP for Gram -ve bacteria
  • Zymosan is the PAMP for fungi
  • ssRNA a PAMP for viral infection

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
What makes an ideal PAMP?
Respuesta
  • Something heavy in lipids
  • Something that is fundemental to the cells function
  • Toxins
  • Self antigen.

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
What makes an ideal PAMP?
Respuesta
  • Something heavy in lipids
  • Something that is fundemental to the cells function
  • Toxins
  • Self antigen.

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Why must we have a signal for pathogen vs self as well as for dangerous vs non dangerous?
Respuesta
  • Because if we react to self antigen our immune system attacks our own bodies
  • Because many of the organisms in our body are commensals and killing them could lead to opportunistic infections
  • Because two signals allow are more controlled reaction
  • So that if you get one signal and not the other only a small or no response occurs. Minimises damage.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Why must we have a signal for pathogen vs self as well as for dangerous vs non dangerous?
Respuesta
  • Because if we react to self antigen our immune system attacks our own bodies
  • Because many of the organisms in our body are commensals and killing them could lead to opportunistic infections
  • Because two signals allow are more controlled reaction
  • So that if you get one signal and not the other only a small or no response occurs. Minimises damage.

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Which are incorrect?
Respuesta
  • C-type lectin receptors detect fungal antigen
  • RIG-1 like Receptors recognise protozoan antigen
  • Toll like receptors recognise bacterial antigen
  • NOD- like receptors recognise only bacterial antigen

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
What receptors recognise Candida? and what does it lead to?
Respuesta
  • Dectin-1 Th17 adaptive immune response
  • Dectin-2 Th17 adaptive immune response
  • Mannose receptors Th17 adaptive immune response

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
What does mincle recognise?
Respuesta
  • Bacillius subtilis
  • Malassezia spp and trehalose dimycolate from M.tuberculosis.
  • Clostridium spp C.difficile, C.tetani and C.botulinum
  • Protozoa

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What is the outcome of TLR signalling?
Respuesta
  • Inflammatory cytokines
  • T cell stimulating cytokines
  • Anti inflammatory cytokines

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Which is incorrect?
Respuesta
  • RLRs signal outcomes are inflammatory cytokines esp IFNs
  • CLRs Signal outcomes are Tcell stimulating cytokines esp IL-17
  • NLRs signal outcomes are Inflammatory cytokines IL-2

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Where do you find NOD like receptors?
Respuesta
  • In a vesicle
  • In the cytosol
  • In the membrane
  • In the lymph node

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Which is correct?
Respuesta
  • NOD1 recognises G -ve bacteria
  • NOD2 recognises all bacteria
  • NOD proteins recognise danger and viruses
  • There is more NOD in epithelial cells
  • NOD is also in APCs
  • NOD2 recognises only gram +ve bacteria
  • NOD1 recognises fungi
  • Nod proteins recognise danger and protozoa

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Which of these are acute inflammatory cytokines?
Respuesta
  • IL-1, IL-7, IL-17
  • IL-1, IL-8, IL-18
  • IL-1, IL-2, IL17
  • IL-1, TFNbeta, IL-3

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What is the role of NFKB?
Respuesta
  • To compete for binding of CD28 with CD80.
  • A link between PRR and transcription.
  • A mediator of acute inflammation
  • A anti inflammatory cytokine

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What type of inflammasome responds to all bacterial stimuli and is the one we learnt?
Respuesta
  • NLRP3
  • NLRC4
  • NLRP1
  • AIM2

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What is a danger signal?
Respuesta
  • A signal from a co-stimulatory receptor that is only expressed when in danger
  • A signal that indicates cell death e.g. crystal salts.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What are these proteins part of? Cardinal, Asc and caspase?
Respuesta
  • The inflammasome
  • MHCI
  • MHCII
  • TCR

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Why is the inflammasome a target for medicine?
Respuesta
  • Because many auto-immune disease involve excessive inflammation
  • Because it causes poor immune response

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What are adjuvants?
Respuesta
  • Killed pathogens used in vaccines.
  • Agents that boost the immune response by acting as danger signals

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
What is gout?
Respuesta
  • An auto immune disease?
  • The build up of uric acid crystals
  • Excessive inflammation due to signal 2 being activated
  • IL-1Ralpha used as an antagonist to treat

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
What is the name of this disorder? IL-1 and IL-18 are produced, mice with this deficiency for NLRP3 have poor inflammasome development. IL-18 is used in gut function to mediate gut repair
Respuesta
  • Inflammatory bowl disease
  • Addisons disease
  • Gout

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What is an antigen?
Respuesta
  • Something a Tcells and Bcell receptors recognise
  • Broken down macromolecules specific to foreign organisms
  • Something that directly stimulates Tcells to become different subsets
  • Something that indicates self antigen

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
What is an immunogen and an epitote?
Respuesta
  • Immunogen - antigen that initiates immune system Epitote - part of the antigen that binds to TCR/BCR
  • Immunogen - part of the antigen that binds to TCR/BCR Epitote - antigen that initiates immune system

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
How many genes does the human genome have?
Respuesta
  • 15000
  • 25000
  • 17000
  • 27000

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
How many different Tcell and Bcell receptors do we have as humans?
Respuesta
  • 25000000
  • 3500000
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