Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is involved in distinguishing between dangerous and non dangerous pathogens?
Respuesta
-
Inflammasome
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NLRs
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Both
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Neither
Pregunta 2
Respuesta
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Pathogen association membrane proteins
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Protein assisted molecular pathway
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Pathogen associated molecular patterns
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Pathogen antigen model patterns
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What does a PRR do?
Respuesta
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Transport proteins around the cell
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Produces cytokines directly
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Affects gene transcription
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Recognises pathogen patterns
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Starts a signalling pathway
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following is incorrect about PAMPS
Respuesta
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Flagellin is the PAMP for flagellated bacteria
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Lipolysaccharides is the PAMP for Gram -ve bacteria
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Peptidoglycan is also a PAMP for Gram -ve bacteria
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Zymosan is the PAMP for fungi
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ssRNA a PAMP for viral infection
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What makes an ideal PAMP?
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What makes an ideal PAMP?
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Why must we have a signal for pathogen vs self as well as for dangerous vs non dangerous?
Respuesta
-
Because if we react to self antigen our immune system attacks our own bodies
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Because many of the organisms in our body are commensals and killing them could lead to opportunistic infections
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Because two signals allow are more controlled reaction
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So that if you get one signal and not the other only a small or no response occurs. Minimises damage.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Why must we have a signal for pathogen vs self as well as for dangerous vs non dangerous?
Respuesta
-
Because if we react to self antigen our immune system attacks our own bodies
-
Because many of the organisms in our body are commensals and killing them could lead to opportunistic infections
-
Because two signals allow are more controlled reaction
-
So that if you get one signal and not the other only a small or no response occurs. Minimises damage.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which are incorrect?
Respuesta
-
C-type lectin receptors detect fungal antigen
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RIG-1 like Receptors recognise protozoan antigen
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Toll like receptors recognise bacterial antigen
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NOD- like receptors recognise only bacterial antigen
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What receptors recognise Candida? and what does it lead to?
Respuesta
-
Dectin-1 Th17 adaptive immune response
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Dectin-2 Th17 adaptive immune response
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Mannose receptors Th17 adaptive immune response
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What does mincle recognise?
Respuesta
-
Bacillius subtilis
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Malassezia spp and trehalose dimycolate from M.tuberculosis.
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Clostridium spp C.difficile, C.tetani and C.botulinum
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Protozoa
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What is the outcome of TLR signalling?
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which is incorrect?
Respuesta
-
RLRs signal outcomes are inflammatory cytokines esp IFNs
-
CLRs Signal outcomes are Tcell stimulating cytokines esp IL-17
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NLRs signal outcomes are Inflammatory cytokines IL-2
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Where do you find NOD like receptors?
Respuesta
-
In a vesicle
-
In the cytosol
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In the membrane
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In the lymph node
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which is correct?
Respuesta
-
NOD1 recognises G -ve bacteria
-
NOD2 recognises all bacteria
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NOD proteins recognise danger and viruses
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There is more NOD in epithelial cells
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NOD is also in APCs
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NOD2 recognises only gram +ve bacteria
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NOD1 recognises fungi
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Nod proteins recognise danger and protozoa
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of these are acute inflammatory cytokines?
Respuesta
-
IL-1, IL-7, IL-17
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IL-1, IL-8, IL-18
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IL-1, IL-2, IL17
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IL-1, TFNbeta, IL-3
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What is the role of NFKB?
Respuesta
-
To compete for binding of CD28 with CD80.
-
A link between PRR and transcription.
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A mediator of acute inflammation
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A anti inflammatory cytokine
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What type of inflammasome responds to all bacterial stimuli and is the one we learnt?
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is a danger signal?
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What are these proteins part of? Cardinal, Asc and caspase?
Respuesta
-
The inflammasome
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MHCI
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MHCII
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TCR
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Why is the inflammasome a target for medicine?
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What are adjuvants?
Pregunta 23
Respuesta
-
An auto immune disease?
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The build up of uric acid crystals
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Excessive inflammation due to signal 2 being activated
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IL-1Ralpha used as an antagonist to treat
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What is the name of this disorder? IL-1 and IL-18 are produced, mice with this deficiency for NLRP3 have poor inflammasome development. IL-18 is used in gut function to mediate gut repair
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What is an antigen?
Respuesta
-
Something a Tcells and Bcell receptors recognise
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Broken down macromolecules specific to foreign organisms
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Something that directly stimulates Tcells to become different subsets
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Something that indicates self antigen
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What is an immunogen and an epitote?
Respuesta
-
Immunogen - antigen that initiates immune system
Epitote - part of the antigen that binds to TCR/BCR
-
Immunogen - part of the antigen that binds to TCR/BCR
Epitote - antigen that initiates immune system
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
How many genes does the human genome have?
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
How many different Tcell and Bcell receptors do we have as humans?