4394383
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following is a covalent post-translational modification of signal proteins which is also ATP-independent?
Respuesta
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Phosphorylation
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GTP Hydrolysis
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Nitrosylation
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Oxidation
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most dangerous to cells?
Respuesta
-
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
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Superoxide anion radical (O2*-)
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Hydroxyl radical (OH*)
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
When a signaling protein hydrolyzes a nucleotide triphosphate, order is produced. The resulting order is reflected in the formation of more protein-protein interactions.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
For a generic switching reaction, which of the following statements is the most correct?
Respuesta
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Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" always requires energy.
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Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" or "OFF" requires energy, but only one direction for the switch must be linked to an energy-supplying reaction.
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Switching a signal-processing protein "OFF" always requires energy.
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Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" always requires energy, and switching a signal-processing protein "OFF" also always requires energy.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refers to the way in which the binding of signal molecules alter conformation equilibrium for signal-processing proteins?
Respuesta
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allostery
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scaffolding
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covalent interaction
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adaptation
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a strategy for maintaining and improving stability in a signal-processing system?
Respuesta
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noise filtering
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redundancy
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encoding
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pattern generation
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adaptation
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following types of proteins acts to vastly speed up signal transduction by pre-assembling signaling proteins into a signaling complex?
Respuesta
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noise-filtering proteins
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proteins with one or more isoforms (alternatively-spliced proteins)
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adaptor proteins
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scaffold (scaffolding) proteins
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which statement is false?
Respuesta
-
The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell takes advantage of the modular design of proteins to link specific outputs to specific inputs.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell employs at least 4 mechanisms to maintain and improve stability.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell controls the availability and non-availability of interaction domains to govern how a signal is processed
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell uses proteins as switching elements.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell rarely links short-range and long-range signaling during signal transduction.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which family of proteins acts as unfoldases to dissociate protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes?
Respuesta
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the large (trimeric) G-protein family
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the small G-protein family
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the chaperone family
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the AAA+ protein family
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Chaperone proteins such as heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) use the energy of _____ hydrolysis to enable misfolded steroid hormone receptors to go from native state (stable but non-functional state) to functional state.
Respuesta
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ATP
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glutathione
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phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)
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GTP
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
For the phosphorylation switch, which of the following amino acids is not a common target of phosphorylation?
Respuesta
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threonine (Thr)
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lysine (Lys)
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serine (Ser)
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tyrosine (Tyr)
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes protein kinases that are activated by cAMP and cGMP?
Respuesta
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the CMGC kinases
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the Ste11 family
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the AGC family
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the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes protein kinases that phosphorylate Ser and Thr amino acids in the neighborhood of Pro residues?
Respuesta
-
the CMGC kinases
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the Ste11 family
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the AGC family
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the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes mainly protein kinases that are constituents of MAP kinase modules?
Respuesta
-
the Ste11 family
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the AGC family
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the CMGC kinases
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the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases
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