719672
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is ____.
Respuesta
-
Traditional orientation
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Rationality
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Utilitarian
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Empiricism
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which sociologist is given credit for coining the concept of the "McDonaldization of Society"?
Respuesta
-
Jeffery Reiman
-
Douglas Massey
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Howard Winet
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George Ritzer
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Nick was a promising caseworker for an agency. After earning several lower-level promotions, he was appointed to a supervisory position. Supervisory work did not mix well with Nick's abilities and he fell into a professional rut. This is an example of the ____.
Respuesta
-
Kanter Syndrome
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Weber effect
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Peter principle
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Ouchi Theorem
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
According to Kanter, organizations sometimes showcase women and minorities by placing them in highly visible positions to demonstrate how progressive they are. Regardless of the type of organization they are in, what do these highly visible positions usually have in common.
Respuesta
-
They are supervisory jobs with considerable power and autonomy
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They are highly paid jobs directed toward "fast-track" promotions
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They are jobs with little power and minimal authority
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They are highly competitive positions sought after by most members of the organization
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
It is becoming more common for corporations to provide daycare facilities as fringe benefit for their empoyees. What has evaluative research found regarding the costs and benefits of these facilities?
Respuesta
-
Day care facilities are ineffective because the are used by only a few employees
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Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate
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Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale
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The results of the research are inconclusive
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called _____.
Respuesta
-
Ethics
-
Values
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Folkways
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Crimes
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?
Respuesta
-
It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant
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the nature of one's behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance
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Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction of society
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Deviance is analogous to mental illness
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
In an effort to resist the label of "deviant", most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ___.
Respuesta
-
Ideologies
-
Techniques of neutralization
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Strategies of justification
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lableing
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
According to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a sense of normleness. This sense of normleness is referred to as ____.
Respuesta
-
Anomie
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Latent dysfunction
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mass hysteria
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retreatism
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What are the two most significant "anchoring devices" that insulate a person from a life of crime and imprisonment?
Respuesta
-
a good lawyer and big expense account
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neighborhood and income
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race and ethnicity
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marriage and education
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been _____.
Respuesta
-
Race
-
Income
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Education
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Gender
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery, caste and estate?
Respuesta
-
the class system is not based on religion
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the class system has fluid boundaries
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the class system works in democracies
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the class system existed before the other three
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?
Respuesta
-
The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society
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a strong middle class would emerge
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workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate
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Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which concept explains the rise of global stratifications including core nations, semi-periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas?
Respuesta
-
Neocolonialism
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culture of poverty
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colonialism
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world system theory
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Why do the ruling elite in the Least Industrialized Nations work so closely with the heads of multinational corporations to develop informal relationships.
Respuesta
-
To develop the necessary political stability to maintain partnership
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to expand the middle class throughout least industrialized nations
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to increase humanitarian aid to the poor
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to increase the standard of living of people in poor nations
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
As described in the text, what are the two myths of race?
Respuesta
-
Eventually there will only be one race; all races have the same origin
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there is only one race; intelligence is based on race
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one race superior to another; pure races exist
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all races have the same origin; race is a status that cannot be changed
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
while race might reflect our biological heritage, ___ reflects our cultural heritage
Respuesta
-
gender
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age
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ethnicity
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social class
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
the best lasagna in the valley. in view of this, which phrase best describes Tony's behavior?
Respuesta
-
Tony is exercising the concept of ethnic work
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tony is experiencing a racial identity crisis
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tony is experiencing role diffusion
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tony is confused over what his master status is
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The belief held by many African Americans that lighter skinned African American women are more attractive than those with darker skin is referred to as ___.
Respuesta
-
the reformulation of race at the micro-level
-
The internalization of the norms of the dominant group
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reverse racism at the micro-level
-
race betrayal of the minority class
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Prejudice describes ____ while discrimination describes ______.
Respuesta
-
Values; attitudes
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Norms; beliefs
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Attitudes; actions
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Actions; attitudes
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ____ against Pedro.
Respuesta
-
Individual prejudice
-
Institutional prejudice
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individual discrimination
-
institutional discrimination
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
In American history, who were the white ethics?
Respuesta
-
They were immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
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They were colonists who settled in Canada
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They were colonists who left the original 13 colonies and moved westward prior to the establishment of the United States.
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They were colonists loyal to England who did not support American independence
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Of all ethnic groups, in which group are children most likely to grow up with two parents and least likely to be born to a single mother?
Respuesta
-
Native American
-
Asian American
-
Latino American
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Caucasian European
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What are three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?
Respuesta
-
Ethnicity, race, sex
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wealth, power, prestige
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sex, power, education
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occupation, neighborhoods, wealth
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
which of the following individuals would have the narrowest field of "eligible" marriage partners based on background expectations?
Respuesta
-
Ruth, a member of the working poor living in Harlem
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Herbert, a blue-collar machinist living in the city
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Noelle, the daughter of two high school teachers living in suburbia
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Christian, the son of a CEO of a major corporation.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "amens" and "praise jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the _____ class.
Respuesta
-
capitalist
-
upper-middle
-
middle
-
lower
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is the relationship between births to a single women and their level of education?
Respuesta
-
the greater the level of education, the more births to single women
-
the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women
-
the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women
-
there is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The Key to effectively maintaining social stratification involves the privileged class controlling ideas and information rather than depending on the use of force.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Although it is expensive, coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Wealth and incom are interchangeable terms, each meaning the smae in reference to social class
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
there is a direct relationship between the amount of education an occupation requires and the prestige it holds in society
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
the higher a person's position on the social ladder, the more likely they will become a victim of crime
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The 1985 Vietnam veterans study clearly demonstrated that biology (in this case, testosterone) is the cause of male aggressiveness.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The major theories on the origin of patriarchy point to the social consequences of human reproduction
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Who proposed the concept that women are better prepared biologically for mothering than men, which is overlaid in culture?
Respuesta
-
Cynthia Fuchs Epstein
-
Margaret Mead
-
Alice Rossi
-
Rebecca Ann Wilson
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month-old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veteran's study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?
Respuesta
-
Nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior
-
Nurture is the dominant force determining human behavior
-
Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together
-
Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to gender stratification
Respuesta
-
symbolic interactionism
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exchange theory
-
neo-marxism
-
feminism
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which wave of the women's movement focused on teh problems of women in the least industrialized nations?
Respuesta
-
the first wave
-
the second wave
-
the third wave
-
the fourth wave
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
the age range of women most likely to be victims of rape is ____.
Respuesta
-
12 to 15
-
16-19
-
20-24
-
25-34
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What are the two careers most associated with being successful in politics, both of which are underrepresented by women?
Respuesta
-
Medicine and education
-
law and medicine
-
education and business
-
law and business
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