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Anatomy and Physiology Lectures 3 and 4

Descripción

Anatomy and Physiology Review Test for Lectures 3 and 4. Enter all numbers in numerical format.
Maria McGurrin
Test por Maria McGurrin, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Maria McGurrin
Creado por Maria McGurrin hace alrededor de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Impaired Production of water fluid from the airway epithelium is known as [blank_start]cystic fibrosis[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • cystic fibrosis

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
The thorax is a closed compartment bounded at the neck by muscles and connective tissue and completely separated from the abdomen by a large, dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle called the [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end].
Image:
65ae5f84-1be5-4c25-b1da-c4565c35fbdc (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • diaphragm

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Type II alveolar cells secrete a detergent like substance known as [blank_start]surfactant[blank_end] that is important for preventing the collapse of the alveoli.
Respuesta
  • surfactant

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the partial pressure of each gas is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture. Nitrogen is commonly represented at [blank_start]78.8[blank_end] % of the total mixture.
Respuesta
  • 78.8

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
In a normal situation the alveoli contain a higher concentration of [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end] and water vapor in comparison to the atmosphere.
Respuesta
  • carbon dioxide

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Alveoli enable extreme increase in [blank_start]surface area[blank_end] and a [blank_start]short[blank_end] diffusion path to [blank_start]enhance[blank_end] diffusive gas exchange.
Image:
bb924395-a1ff-4fae-9a19-35392c4951ef (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • surface area
  • short
  • enhance

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Respiratory pressure is always described relative to [blank_start]atmospheric pressure[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • atmospheric pressure

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Pneumothorax is caused by the equalization of [blank_start]intrapleural[blank_end] pressure with intrapulmonary pressure.
Respuesta
  • intrapleural

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
[blank_start]Intrapleural pressure[blank_end] is what keeps the lungs open and not flattened.
Image:
58c9ba2b-3dd9-4c5b-a6cd-5544f19f63b9 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Intrapleural pressure

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Boyles Law is the relationship between the [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and volume of gases at a constant temperature.
Respuesta
  • pressure

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
In a healthy individual, energy is only required for expiration while [blank_start]exercising[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • exercising

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
The [blank_start]phrenic nerve[blank_end] is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm, which causes it to move inferiorly as it contracts during [blank_start]inspiration[blank_end].
Image:
d40e75b6-7208-4bca-9e9e-2277a9012b49 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • phrenic nerve
  • inspiration

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Pulmonary Fibrosis (pictured) is a disease where the normal tissues in the lungs are replaced with [blank_start]scar tissue[blank_end], which is less [blank_start]elastic[blank_end]; it also increases the [blank_start]thickness[blank_end] of the alveoli.
Image:
fdfe5228-b17d-4584-8640-0d1aef37e1d6 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • scar tissue
  • elastic
  • thickness

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Lung compliance (shown in the graph) is determined by lung volume and [blank_start]transpulmonary pressure[blank_end].
Image:
8c14cebc-5cf4-47e2-abde-130c4efdb8ee (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • transpulmonary pressure

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Two ways to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome is with [blank_start]synthetic surfactant[blank_end] and putting the infant on a [blank_start]ventilator[blank_end]. Without these, the infant’s lungs will [blank_start]collapse[blank_end] at every breath.
Image:
d313d39d-7b01-4b25-9f00-f5fd7c472d59 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • synthetic surfactant
  • ventilator
  • collapse

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Flow, [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and resistance are all physical factors that influence lung ventilation.
Respuesta
  • pressure

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The amount of gas flowing into and out of the [blank_start]alveoli[blank_end] is directly proportional to change in [blank_start]pressure[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • alveoli
  • pressure

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Because of the bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals, there is a [blank_start]2[blank_end] times reduction in radius, resulting in a [blank_start]16[blank_end] times reduction in flow.
Image:
5753d580-1941-441e-8a5c-241077a12a8f (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • 2
  • 16

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by dissolving in plasma, chemically bound to [blank_start]hemoglobin[blank_end] and as a bicarbonate ion in plasma.
Respuesta
  • hemoglobin

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The respiratory system is one of [blank_start]2[blank_end] major buffering systems in the body, by regulating [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • 2
  • carbon dioxide

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
[blank_start]Dyspnea[blank_end], difficult or labored breathing. is a symptom experienced by both those who have asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respuesta
  • Dyspnea

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
High fever, night sweats, and weight loss are all symptoms of [blank_start]tuberculosis[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • tuberculosis

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The [blank_start]concentration difference[blank_end] and [blank_start]barrier thickness[blank_end] or diffusion path are both needed to calculate the diffusion rate using Fick’s Diffusion Equation.
Respuesta
  • concentration difference
  • barrier thickness

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
[blank_start]Hypoxemia[blank_end] is a type of hypoxia caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.
Respuesta
  • Hypoxemia

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
CO2 is [blank_start]more[blank_end] soluble than H2O
Respuesta
  • more

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
The partial pressure of CO2 in tissue is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] than the partial pressure of CO2 in the bloodstream
Respuesta
  • higher

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
A reduced alveolar ventilation causes the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] and the partial pressure of oxygen to [blank_start]decrease[blank_end], which prompt pulmonary arterioles to [blank_start]constrict[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • constrict

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
Respuesta
  • Ischemic

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • bicarbonate buffer system

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
Respuesta
  • a chloride ion

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
Respuesta
  • increases

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • rhythm generating neurons

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
Respuesta
  • Ischemic

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • bicarbonate buffer system

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
Respuesta
  • a chloride ion

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
Respuesta
  • increases

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • rhythm generating neurons

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Muscle glycogen depletion, known colloquially as [blank_start]hitting the wall[blank_end] occurs when the shift to lipid oxidation fails to meet ATP demand, despite adequate O2 supply to the mitochondria. (Lecture 4)
Respuesta
  • hitting the wall

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
[blank_start]Diastolic blood pressure[blank_end] remains the same during exercise.
Respuesta
  • Diastolic blood pressure

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Cardiac output in a trained individual is [blank_start]the same as[blank_end] cardiac output in an untrained individual.
Respuesta
  • the same as

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and erector spinae muscles are examples of [blank_start]inspiratory muscles[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • inspiratory muscles

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
[blank_start]Aerobic scope[blank_end] is VO2max / resting metabolic rate.
Respuesta
  • Aerobic scope

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Cost of transport [blank_start]does not change[blank_end] with training.
Respuesta
  • does not change

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Cost of transport [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with % body fat and [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with size.
Respuesta
  • decreases
  • decreases

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
If you exercise above your VO2 max, you create a larger [blank_start]oxygen deficit[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • oxygen deficit

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
When [blank_start]lipids[blank_end] and carbohydrates are depleted, protein is used as fuel.
Respuesta
  • lipids

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
In a non-starving individual exercising at a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 85, [blank_start]1/2[blank_end] of their energy is coming from lipids.
Respuesta
  • 1/2

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Walking is [blank_start]more[blank_end] energy efficient than running.
Respuesta
  • more

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Aerobic scope is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] for animals who are better runners.
Respuesta
  • higher

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Once your rate of energy usage exceeds VO2max, you switch to [blank_start]anaerobic respiration[blank_end] and start accumulating [blank_start]lactic acid[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • anaerobic respiration
  • lactic acid

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
In the figure above, graph A represents [blank_start]cardiac output[blank_end], which is the same regardless of training; graph B represents [blank_start]heart rate[blank_end], which is lower in trained individuals; and graph C represents [blank_start]stroke volume[blank_end], which is lower in untrained individuals.
Image:
32ea3024-f5fa-42ce-8ee7-6fd7136a6b10 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • cardiac output
  • heart rate
  • stroke volume

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
The muscle labeled 'A' is the the [blank_start]external oblique[blank_end] muscle, which is an [blank_start]expiratory[blank_end] muscle.
Image:
7163455f-034d-4f74-b3ef-7f950ca42ecf (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • external oblique
  • expiratory

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The black line, representing [blank_start]available ATP[blank_end] is the first fuel source used; the blue line, representing [blank_start]PCr (phosphocreatine)[blank_end] is the secondary fuel source; the purple line [blank_start]glycolysis[blank_end] is the tertiary fuel source. [blank_start]Oxydative phosphorylation[blank_end], represented by the red line, takes a time to start producing energy, but is more sustainable.
Image:
233e9302-977f-4f3d-be9b-d3244e0f85ef (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • available ATP
  • PCr (phosphocreatine)
  • glycolysis
  • Oxydative phosphorylation

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
The slope of this line is [blank_start]net cost of transport[blank_end].
Image:
aa3afceb-e8fa-4c79-9375-4ace292777b8 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • net cost of transport

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Graph [blank_start]B[blank_end] is likely to be more accurate because it controlled for more variables than did graph [blank_start]A[blank_end].
Image:
0c7f9edd-8571-4e29-95bd-802fd5f02da5 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • B
  • A

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
[blank_start]Diffusion rate[blank_end], represented by the red line on the graph, doesn’t change as body mass changes.
Image:
e56b2d96-8ffd-4999-b6d2-1b837cbd02aa (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Diffusion rate

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
This graph is known as a [blank_start]Kleiber curve[blank_end].
Image:
b7fbbddc-c3c9-4515-9d4b-92b003b42966 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Kleiber curve

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Hemoglobin oxygen affinity goes [blank_start]down[blank_end] when temperature is increased.
Respuesta
  • down

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
In individuals who exercise regularly, total peripheral resistance [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] and the number of capillary beds around the lungs [blank_start]increases[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • decreases
  • increases

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
The unlabeled structures in the image to the left are [blank_start]Alveoli[blank_end].
Image:
8a993b04-4fcf-45f4-918d-5f6da1c1ce64 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Alveoli

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
If you exercise close to your VO2 max, you’re burning primarily [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • glycogen

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
In a condition known as [blank_start]Pulmonary Edema[blank_end] diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries is impaired by some of the alveoli filling with fluid.
Image:
84144314-da08-46a2-9dbb-e70eae6d8cec (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Pulmonary Edema

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
[blank_start]Asthma[blank_end] is a disease treated with leukotriene inhibitors, inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilator drugs.
Image:
b22174c2-d7b0-4600-8fc2-3da4cb1dde81 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Asthma

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
In the image to the left: The blank is pointing to a collection of [blank_start]aortic bodies[blank_end]
Image:
52e33fd4-a5d6-4ded-bf93-1e940de891c2 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • aortic bodies

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
[blank_start]Anemic hypoxia[blank_end] occurs when arterial PO2 is normal but the total oxygen content of the blood is decreased because of inadequate numbers of erythrocytes, deficient or abnormal hemoglobin or competition for the hemoglobin molecule by carbon monoxide.
Respuesta
  • Anemic hypoxia

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
A group of sensory receptors that are stimulated by strenuous exercise, pulmonary embolism or left ventricular heart failure are known as [blank_start]J receptors[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • J receptors

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
[blank_start]Squamous cell carcinoma[blank_end] makes up 20% to 40% of all lung cancer cases and arises in the bronchial epithelium.
Image:
f2cfbb37-982c-406c-ae7c-8a718846a5e3 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Squamous cell carcinoma

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
[blank_start]Obstructive Emphysema[blank_end] is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and deterioration of the alveolar walls. This inflammation leads to damage of the pulmonary capillaries.
Image:
ac707ced-88a5-403e-a0b8-9bcdeda7c715 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Obstructive Emphysema

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
The unlabeled structure in the image to the left is [blank_start]ventral respiratory group[blank_end].
Image:
4a48a692-24d5-4d19-9576-e4b2251ab8b2 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • ventral respiratory group
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