9054203
Descripción
Test por Benjamin Maier, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Benjamin Maier
hace casi 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The major components of an emotional response include:
Respuesta
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Feelings and behaviour
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Behaviour and moods
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Hormonal secretions and cognition
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Behavioural and physiological components
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The autonomic component of an emotional response functions to:
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Mobilise energy for vigorous movement
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Restore physiological balance after an emotional experience
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Promote digestion of nutrients
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Facilitate healing of damaged tissue
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The neural systems that comprise fear are integrated by neurons within the:
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Hypothalamus
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Amygdala
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Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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Thalamus
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Activation of the _______ nucleus of the _______ elicits an emotional response:
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Lateral; Amygdala
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Central; Amygdala
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Medial; Hypothalamus
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Central; Hypothalamus
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The expression of an emotional response is inhibited by the input of the:
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Lateral amygdala
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Central amygdala
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Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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Hypothalamus
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which drug would be expected to inhibit aggression:
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Haloperidol
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Cocaine
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Fluoxetine (Prozac)
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Amphetamine
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A human male who has a long record of assault, arson and murder, would be expected to show __________ levels of ___________ in his cerebrospinal fluid:
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elevated; 5-HIAA
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reduced; 5-HIAA
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elevated; GABA
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reduced; GABA
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Phineas Gage, who was injured when a steel rod was accidentally driven through his skull, exhibited impulsive, emotional behavior as a result of widespread damage to his:
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Occipital Cortex
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Cingulate Cortex
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Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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Amygdala
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following is a moral dilemma:
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Changing the ingredients of a recipe
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Throwing another person into a grenade to save many others
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Walking away from a fight
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Watching someone else throw another person into a grenade to save many others
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Elevated levels of which neurotransmitter inhibits aggression:
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Glutamate
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GABA
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Dopamine
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Serotonin
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A combination of inadequate activation of the ___________ and enhanced activation of the ____________ may result in excessive anger that results in harm to other people:
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Prefrontal cortex; hypothalamus
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Prefrontal cortex; amygdala
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Amygdala; prefrontal cortex
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Hypothalamus; prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The proposition that facial expressions of emotion are innate is supported by the observation that:
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The same facial expression for an emotion is observed in all cultures
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Blind children show different facial emotional expressions that sighted children
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Some facial expressions are only expressed in adulthood
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Facial expression of emotion change over time in a culture
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
A chimeric face is:
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A happy face
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A wrinkled face
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Created by pasting different facial images to form a single unit
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Recognisable when upside-down
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The ability to recognise negative emotions expressed by others is most likely to be impaired after damage to:
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Right hemisphere
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Somatosensory cortex
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Cerebellum
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Basal Ganglia
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
According to the James-Lange theory, feelings of emotion are:
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Culturally determined responses to stimuli
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Produced by feedback from the behaviours and physiological responses caused by emotion-producing situations
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Dependent upon the genetic makeup of an individual
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Produced by activity within the thalamus in response to sensory cues
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of the sex chromosomes?
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Factors coded on the Y chromosome control the development of the male sex glands
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The Y chromosome contains the blueprint for the female foetus
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The sex chromosomes are the largest among the 23 pairs
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The mother donates her Y chromosome to form a male foetus
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
_____________________ exert(s) a defeminising action during prenatal development:
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Testosterone
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Anti-Müllerian hormone
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Estradiol
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Estrogens
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The size of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is an indicator of:
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Prenatal androgenisation
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Sexual orientation
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Ambivalent sexuality
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Gender identity
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The key factor that determines whether the undifferentiated gonads develop into testes is:
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The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome
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The secretion of testosterone from the adrenal glands
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The SRY gene located on the X chromosome
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The secretion of androgens from the gonads
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
A pheromone is a:
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Chemical located on the tongue that detects sugar
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Chemical that is released by one animal that affects the behaviour of another animal
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Type of enzyme that deactivates cyclic nucleotides
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Chemical that is released in the body that affects the behaviour of the individual that released it
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of pheromone action in humans?
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Menstrual cycles are delayed by exposure to human sweat
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Women are attracted to the underarm sweat from men
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Men prefer the smell of t-shirts worn by women during their fertile phase
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Men and women show decreased sexual behaviour after exposure to pheromones
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A hormone that promotes the prenatal development of the Woffian system is said to have a(n):
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Defeminising effect
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Activational effect
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Masculinising effect
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Feminising effect
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The prenatal development of the internal reproductive structures of the female:
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Requires the suppression of the Müllerian system by the anti- Müllerian hormone
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Requires secretion of estradiol by the pituitary gland
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Is caused by secretion of progesterone
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Requires no hormone
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The genetic sex of a foetus is determined by:
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The hormones released by the pituitary gland during foetal development
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A single gene on the X chromosome
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The gonads
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The sex chromosome inherited from the father
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The key event that starts sexual maturation at the onset of puberty is that:
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The ovaries and testes release gonadotropic hormones
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Estradiol and testosterone are released from the hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones
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LH and FSH are released from the hypothalamus
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following is known to speed up the onset of female puberty:
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Low levels of body fat
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High plasma levels of leptin
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Malnutrition
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High plasma levels of Estradiol
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
An increased prevalence of homosexuality/bisexuality is noted in:
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Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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Women with Turner’s Syndrome
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Men born during the late winter months to stressed mothers
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Men born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The key effect of luteinising hormone (LH) is to:
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Just prior to menstruation
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When estradiol levels are lowest
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Just after a surge of testosterone from her adrenal glands
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At a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A human female is more likely to initiate sexual activity with her partner:
Respuesta
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Just prior to menstruation
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When estradiol levels are lowest
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Just after a surge of testosterone from her adrenal glands
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At a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The ________________ would not be considered a human sex organ:
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Ovaries
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Adrenal gland
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Testes
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External genitalia
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by:
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Changes in motor movements
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Changes in the electrical activity of the brain
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The quality and quantity of dreams
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Visible changes in respiration
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The transition between wakefulness and sleep is marked by the appearance of which type of EEG waves:
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Alpha
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Beta
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Delta
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Theta
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
You are watching the EEG of a person whose output contains 85% delta wave activity. Your best guess is that this person is:
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In stage 4 of slow-wave sleep
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Dreaming
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Making the transition from wakefulness to sleep
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In REM sleep
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Typically, humans show which pattern of blood flow and cognitive activity
during REM sleep:
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Cortical blood flow is reduced during REM sleep as blood is shunted to the genitals
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Cerebral blood flow is low in the primary visual cortex
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Cerebral blood flow is high in the visual association cortex and low in the prefrontal cortex
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Cerebral blood flow is high in the prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
It may be inappropriate to treat insomnia with benzodiazepines because:
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Medication withdrawal symptoms can result in increased insomnia
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Sleeping medication may lead to daytime hangovers
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People with insomnia may be underestimating the amount of time they actually sleep
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All of the above are correct
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during:
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Stage 1 sleep
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Stage 2 sleep
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Stage 4 sleep
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REM sleep
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The first day in a new job that is cognitively demanding and which involves the development of new skills, would be expected to:
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Produce insomnia
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Reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes
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Increase the need for REM sleep
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Increase the amount of time spent that night spent in slow-wave sleep
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
A build up of carbon dioxide in the blood is characteristic of the sleep disorder known as:
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Narcolepsy
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Sleep apnoea (apnea)
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Somnambulism
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Pavor nocturnus
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
A person who exhibits sudden paralysis may be suffering from:
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Somnambulism
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A sleep attack
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Hynagogic hallucinations
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An episode of cataplexy
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Human narcolepsy:
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Can be treated by using sleep-inducing drugs
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Is caused by an absence of orexin in most people with narcolepsy
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Involves the intrusion of slow-wave sleep components into the awake state
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Is caused by an absence of dopamine in most people with narcolepsy
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The occurrence of SLEEP ATTACKS in narcolepsy can be alleviated by drugs that:
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Impair the release of orexin in the brain
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Block hypocretin 2 receptors in the hypothalamus
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Act as catecholamine agonists
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Alleviated the symptoms of depression
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from:
Respuesta
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Somnambulism
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Sleep-related eating disorder
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REM sleep disorder
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Narcolepsy
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to:
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Rest the brain
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Promote dreaming
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Facilitate brain development
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Rest the body
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Research has suggested that ___________ sleep is important for ___________
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Slow-wave; non-declarative
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REM; declarative
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Stage 2; declarative
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REM; non-declarative
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in:
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Impaired concentration
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Perceptual illusions
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Partial recovery of lost stage 4 sleep
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All of the above are correct
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
All of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT:
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Social withdrawal
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Auditory hallucinations
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Disorganised speech
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Visual hallucinations
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia:
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Are best illustrated by delusions
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Are likely to be caused by excessive brain dopamine activity
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Represent the absence of behaviours that are usually present
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Are best illustrated by poor abstract thinking
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
The positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be caused by:
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An imbalance of norepinephrine in the brain
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A single recessive gene
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Excessive activity in forebrain dopamine circuits in the brain
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Excessive activity in midbrain dopamine circuits in the brain
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
The fact that the odds of a child born to two parents, both of whom have schizophrenia, is less than 50% suggests that:
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Schizophrenia is associated with infertility
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Schizophrenia is not produced by a single gene
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Schizophrenia is a metabolic disorder
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Schizophrenia is produced by a single dominant gene
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Imagine that you have been handed a list of drugs and that beside each drug name is a number that represents the potency of that drug for blocking midbrain dopamine receptors (where a low number means a greater potency at blocking). Which would you choose for the treatment of schizophrenia?:
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Potency value = 0.1
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Potency value = 0.3
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Potency value = 1.0
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Potency value = 5.0
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Administration of high doses of which of the following drugs would be expected to produce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia:
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L-DOPA
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Methamphetamine
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Cocaine
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All of the above are correct
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
John has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has shown improvement in positive symptoms while taking chlorpromazine (CPZ). John may be at risk of his positive symptoms returning if he:
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Stops taking CPZ and takes cocaine at a party
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Takes double his CPZ does per day
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Mixes alcohol with CPZ
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Takes reserpine in addition to CPZ
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The mesolimbic pathway projects from the ___________ to the __________:
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Substantia nigra; caudate
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Globus pallidus; ventral tegmental area
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Ventral tegmental area; frontal cortex
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Ventral tegmental area; nucleus accumbens and amygdala
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Clozapine is referred to as an “atypical” antipsychotic drug because it:
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Can reverse positive symptoms of schizophrenia without producing tardive dyskinesia
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Is more potent at blocking D2 than D4 receptors
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Effectively treats schizophrenia but also produces motor side effects
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Does not have any effect on dopamine
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to:
Respuesta
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Excessive birth weight
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Mild brain damage
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Overactivity of dopaminergic neurons
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Having an older mother
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which of the following suggests that schizophrenia may be associated with atypical neuroanatomy:
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The size of the lateral ventricles increases in people with schizophrenia
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The size of the lateral ventricles decreases in people with schizophrenia
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Older people, who have already lost substantial numbers of neurons, are more likely to develop schizophrenia than younger people
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The neurological symptoms observed in schizophrenia are unique to schizophrenia
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The major affective disorders are also known as:
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Anxiety disorders
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Schizoaffective disorders
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Manic-depressive disorders
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Mood disorders
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
_______________ is/are NOT an effective treatment for unipolar depression:
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Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine
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Sleep deprivation
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Lithium salts
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Electroconvulsive therapy
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
The ability of fluoxetine (Prozac) to function as an effective treatment for _____________ is related to its capacity to ____________:
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Delusions and hallucinations; block serotonin reuptake
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Depression; block serotonin reuptake
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Anxiety disorders; inhibit MAO
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder; release glycine
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
A person with ____________ allele(s) of the gene for the _____________ transporter is at risk for depression:
Respuesta
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A long and a short; dopamine
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Two long; serotonin
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Two short; serotonin
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Two long; GABA
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