Reading Interventions & Dyslexia Friendly Schools

Pregunta	Respuesta
The development of skilled reading - Castles & Nation, 2006 - lexical & sub-lexical skills - successful readers use both skills	- Westwood, 2007 - aspects of phonetic capability - used for reading interventions - rhyming - alliteration - exchanging - blending
Reading Interventions	- Whole - word approaches - lexical - Phonics approaches - sub-lexical
Whole - word approaches - lexical	- whole words paired with pictures & sounds
Phonics approaches - sub-lexical	- children explicitly taught letter-sound correspondences & trained to blend phonemes to create larger units of sound (synthetic phonics - small -> large) - children trained to observe common sounds across words & use this to identify patterns in spelling (analytic phonics - large -> small)
Clicker - Crick Software LTD.	- multi-media reading software - whole word approach - Oxford reading tree for Clicker - word activities, sentences & writing
Karemaker, 2010 + - naturalistic study - inervention lead to signif. greater gains in word recognition, word naming, rhyming & segmentation skills & grapheme awareness - teacher led intervention -AB-BA design	- improves teachers attitudes towards using ICT in class
ABRACADABRA A Balanced Reading Approach for Canadians Designed to Achieve Best Results for All.	- free web-based literacy program - range of diff texts & activities to support word reading, reading fluency, comp., & phonics
Savage, 2009 + - RCT - in class intervention led by trained facilitators - teachers?? - ABRA synthetic, ABRA analytic, control - greater overall improvements for ABRA students	Comaskey, 2009 - RCT - synthetic vs analytic phonics grps. - no diff in word reading ability btwn. grps.
Measures of literacy	- grapheme awareness (letter sound knowl.) - phonological awareness - reading ability - spelling ability - productive/receptive vocab
Other factors	- cost vs benefit - student motivation & confidence - ease of implementation - teachers attitude to intervention
Design considerations - ethical & practical	Potential designs -RCT -Naturalistic Approach -AB-BA design
RCT - intervention groups	+ - good control x - practical - intervention can't be led by classroom teacher - inequality - visible to students
Naturalistic Approach - compare students in classrooms that already adopt one approach with students in classrooms that don't	+ - ethical - experimenter has no influence - doesn't involve changes to standard classroom activites - no inequality - more likely to get access x - limited control
AB-BA Design - Group 1 : control then intervention - Group 2 : intervention then control	+ - good control - btwn. groups design - all p's receive same intervention - ethical - can be carried out as whole class activity by teacher - practical x - involves changes to standard classroom activities - not practical
Other resources available to help support learning to read!	- Jolly Phonics - Word Shark (White Space LTD.)
Jolly Phonics	- multi-sensory synthetic phonics program - 5 skills + - Bower-Crane, 2008 - improvements in some measures of literacy & in tests associated with phonological awareness - makes phonics fun - pairs letters, sounds & actions
Word Shark	- computer games supported with sound, graphics & text - range of programmes
Dyslexia friendliness - Pavey, 2007 - teachers fully understand & are sympathetic to the needs of dyslexics & adjustments are made to day-to-day routines & teaching that benefit ALL learners = support rather than intervene	The Dyslexia Friendly School - Pavey, 2007 - regular staff training & designated specialist - +ve attitudes to SEN & disability - structured multisensory teaching as standard
The Dyslexia Friendly Classroom - Pavey, 2007; DfES, 2007 - 3 tier approach - teacher should foster a classroom culture of peer support - IEPs - Individual Education Plans!! - identify concrete steps towards progression & involve pupils in target setting	1. inclusive general teaching strategies 2. group teaching for those in need 3. specialist support for those most in need - IEPs - address primary & secondary difficulties
Dyslexia - Primary difficulties	- deficit in phonological &/or visual processing &/or memory - primary areas of difficulty: - reading - writing - spelling - memory
Good practice in the dyslexia friendly classroom	- classroom organisation - calm & structured environment - sit near front & sit dyslexic next to 'study buddy' - task structure - break activities into smaller task (watch out for fatigue) - approach - give plenty of praise & +ve feedback
Strategies to aid reading - books/worksheets - blackboard work	Strategies to aid writing - make use of ICT - mark work together - physical writing aids, e.g. pencil grip - alternatives to writing, e.g. oral pres., diagrams
Strategies to aid spelling - phonetic dictionaries - key word banks - mnemonics - use of spell checkers - 'spelling buddies'	Strategies to aid memory - visual timetables - cue cards - colour code lessons/books
Strategies to support over-learning - acquisition - flash cards - fluency - prompt sheets - maintenance & generalisation - home-school links/practice - adaptation - require & test new skills in diff contexts	Waves of Impact A = condition - reading difficulty B = behaviour - avoidant/frustrated C = attitude - to own work/parental & teachers attitudes to them
Dyslexia - Secondary difficulties	Vygotsky, 1983 - social problems - feelings of alienation, under-achievement, frustration, lack of motivation, low self-esteem & confidence
SEN as developmental difference	Vygotsky, 1983 - SEN not developed less, just developed differently
Social & emotional consequences of dyslexia - Riddick, 1996	- low motivation - disruptive behaviour - low self-esteem - TEACHERS ROLE!!
Intervention = cyclical process	- improving reading confidence will support reading ability & vice versa

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Reading Interventions & Dyslexia Friendly Schools

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	Creado por Megan Lawson hace alrededor de 8 años