Chapter 4: Typography

Pregunta	Respuesta
Typefaces	Distinct designs of visual symbols used to compose a printed page. (FONT FAMILY)
Characters	Printed visual symbols
Typography	the art of arranging type to make written language readable.
Typographer	person who creates things using text
Type Metal	metal used to create metal letter stamps
Foundry Type	pieces of metal used to create spaces between words or sentences.
Manuscript	style of letters written by hand
Old English	fancy type used on diplomas, certificates, and religious materials.
Subiaco Face	early version of Roman type used for books.
Italic Type	slanted type based off of handwriting
Heavy Elements	darker strokes of a type character that give it identity
Light Elements	less dark strokes tied together by darker strokes of a type character.
Serif	thickened tips or short finishing-off strokes at the top and bottom of a Roman type.
Ascender	part of a letter that rises above the body height.
Descender	part of a letter that goes below the body
Roman Type	type style based on capital letters cut into stone by the ancient Romans
Old Style Type	group of type that have little contrast between heavy and light elements.
Transitional Roman Type	type that is a new version of Old Style Roman Type.
Modern Roman Type	Type that have increased contrast between very thin, light elements and heavy elements.
Sans Serif	type without stoke endings
Black Letter	type consisting of faces that resemble the hand-drawn lettering of German Monks
Calligraphy	the art of hand-drawing letters
Script Type	a type designed to simulate handwriting in which letters ARE joined
Cursive	a type designed to simulate handwriting in which letters are NOT joined
Novelty Type	type designed primarily to command special attention
Oblique	term used to describe a simulated italic character produced by slanting an upright Roman type
Reverse Type	white characters on a solid black or color background
Type Family	a grouping consisting of all the generations of one type style
Condensed Type	those intended to get more words in a less space by narrowing the width of the characters
Expanded Faces	those intended to fill more space going to a larger point size
Weight	the degree of boldness of the printing surface of a letter
Type Series	the range of sizes of each type in a family
Font	consists of all characters that make up a specific type.
Ligatures	joined letter combinations such as FI, FF, FL, FFI or FFL,found in some type
Small Caps	capital letters smaller than the normal caps of font
Pi Character	symbols such as stars, asterisks, arrows, percent signs, or check mark
Line Length	the distances from the left to right sides of a line or body of copy, usually measured in picas.
Composition Depth	the space measuring from the beginning of a composition until the end of the compositions
Point Size	a vertical measurement used to identify of specify the size of type
X-Height	the height of the lowercase "X"
Text	words, sentences, paragraph
Body Type	type sizes that range from 4- point through 12-point that are used for setting straight matter
Display Type	type above 12-point, used to emphasize the importance of a message and capture the reader's attention
Em Quad	in foundry type, a nonprinting type block that is a square of the type size, typically used to indent the beginning of the paragraph
En Quad	a spacing element half an EM QUAD in width, typically used to separate words
Set Size	the width of a typeset character
Letterspacing	changing the spacing between typeset letters
Wordspacing	changing the spacing between typeset words.
Loose set	term describing wider than normal letter spacing
Tight Set	term describing narrower than normal letter spacing
Character compensation	am method of tight-setting copy by electronically reducing the width of each character and space very slightly
Tracking	a feutre of computer type setting programs that allows control of letter and word spacing together
Justify	to adjust letter-spacing and word- spacing so lines of type in a block are all equal in length
Widow	a very short word, or part of a word, forming the final line of a paragraph
Kerning	a typesetting technique in which space between certain pairs characters is tightened to improve appearance and readability
Legibility	measure of how difficult or easy it is to read
Visibility	contrast of a dark type against the light reflected by the paper.
Brightness	aka: lightness luminosity
Smoothness	freedom from surface irregularities
Opacity	the quality of a paper that does not allow print from the opposite side to show through.
Ink Darkness	a factor that effects the contrast of printed materials
Definition	the sharpness or distinction of the printed image
Eye Span	the width of body type a person can see with one sweep of the eye
Negative leading	the practice of reducing spacing below

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