Natural Science unit 3

Cooperation
1. family groups
  1. Stable groups in which offspring are fed and cared for by their mother or parents during the first year of life
2. hierarchical communities
  1. Ants, termites and bees live in highly organised societies with each organism specialised in a different hole: workers, drones and the queen
3. gregarious species
  1. Some animal move, migrate or live in groups to protect themselves from predators. Fish,birds and cattle form schools, flocks and herds respectively
competition
1. two males of the same species compete for a female
The different types of relationship between organism of different species
1. Predation:
  1. Occurs when a stronger animal called: predactor
  2. predactor :
    1. captures, kills and eats an animal of a different species called: Prey
2. Paratism:
  1. is a relationship that benefits one organism called: parasite
  2. parasite:
    1. can harm the other organism
    2. The organism that the parasite depends on us called: Prey
food chain
1. consumers
  1. Primary consumers
    1. herbivores and omnivorous are primary consumers
    2. examples: rabbits and grasshoppers
  2. secondary consumers
    1. are predators which eat primary consumers
    2. carnivores and omnivorous are secondary consumers
    3. Examples: foxes, toads
  3. tertiary consumers
    1. eat secondary consumers
      1. examples: snakes and hawks
2. Producers
  1. Plants and algae are producers.
  2. They make their own food through photosynthesis
3. decomposers
  1. Live on the remains of other living things
Food web
1. Most living things are part of more than one food chain.
2. There can be many different food chains in an ecosystem and most of these food chains are connected
3. The connected food chains make up a food web
Extincion
1. Occurs when every single member of a species die and none are left alive
2. We can say that this species has become `extinct`
3. About 65 million years ago a mass extincion occurred causing the loss of nearly 50% of the world's species
4. This resulted in the extincion of the dinosaurs and many other groups of organisms
5. The golden toad was once common species
6. It extinct because none have been seen since 1989
Biodiversity loss: causes and effects
1. There are many natural causes of extincion, however humans are responsible for most of the recent loss of biodiversity in the world
2. This is a result of several destructive practices and their consequences:
3. Climate change. Pollution. Hurting and capturing animals.
4. Biodiversity is a essential for a healthy planet Earth and has a direct impact on our lives
Protecting biodiversity
1. Endangered species are those which are in danger of extincion
2. Nacional parks and biosphere reserves are created to protect wildlife and its environment
3. The Iberian lynx is the most endangered cat species in the world
4. It exists only in the wild in some areas of southern Spain
5. The Iberian imperial eagle is an endangered species living only in restricted areas of Spain
6. It is considered the rarest bird of prey in the world
7. Monfrague Nacional Park in Cáceres is an outstanding example of Mediterranean forest.
8. Doña a Nacional Park is an area of marshes and sand dunes in southern Spain.
9. The park has a biodiversity that is unique in Europe
10. Is is refuge some endangered species, such as the Iberian imperial eagle and the Iberian lynx, as well as numerous migratory birds

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