Topic 3

1. Oral skills
   1. Listening

      Nota:

      • Development of students' ability to understand spoken language
      1. Sub-skills
         1. Ear-training: stress, rythm,voice tone, intonation

            Nota:

            • Every language has its own phonological system
      2. Strategies
         1. Intensive/extensive listening

            Nota:

            • Intensive: collect/organize info Extensive: for pleasure and interest
         2. Top-down, bottom-up

            Nota:

            • top-down: listener focus on background of message and then analyses language. Bottom-up: focuses on message and analyses language.
      3. Methodology and activities
         1. 3 stages: pre, while and post-listening

            Nota:

            • Pre: introduction to the text While: carry out act. while they're listening to an oral test. Post: check student's comprehension
   2. Speaking

      Nota:

      • Ability to communicate in speech
      1. 2 aspects: fluency and accuracy
      2. Sub-skills
         1. Pronunciation, vocab and grammar
      3. Strategies
         1. Minimal responses, familiar situations, use language to talk about language
      4. Methodology/activities
         1. Imitation and repetition, controlled, semi-controlled and autonomous practice
2. Written skills
   1. Reading

      Nota:

      • It involves the understanding that spoken words are composed of phonemes
      1. 3 levels: mechanical, understanding and interpretative
      2. Sub-skills: phoneme awareness, phonics, reading fluency and comprehension
      3. Strategies
         1. intensive/extensive
            1. Pre-viewing, predicting, skimming, scanning, guessing from context, paraphrasing
      4. Methodology
         1. pre,while, post-reading
   2. Writing

      Nota:

      • when we write, we use graphic symbols, related to the sounds we make when we speak
      1. Sub-skills
         1. rhetorical, grammatical, visual,stylistic and organizational
      2. Methodology

         Nota:

         • word-sentence-paragraph level
         1. Stages: Copying, controlled practice, guided practice, free production
3. Objective learning language-be able to communicate. Communicative point of view
4. Natural Order: list, speak, read, writ

Nota:

• Process by means of which series of activities uses any combination of the 4 skills

1. Input before output, continuity, variety, realism, confidence

1. FL: 4 skills: oral, written or receptive, productive
   1. Relevant: Decree 89/2014, 24th July. English contents according 4 skills
      1. C. competence: goal. Connected Competence Linguistic Communication

Nota:

• HYMES,D. CHOMSKY,N. WIDOWWSON,S. CANALE, SWAIN, BACHMAN, PALMER

1. Divided: linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic competences
2. Characteristics: feasibility, occurence, systematic potential, appropriacy
3. Law