Alzheimer's Disease

Descripción

Mapa Mental sobre Alzheimer's Disease, creado por hamda ali el 31/10/2018.
hamda ali
Mapa Mental por hamda ali, actualizado hace más de 1 año
hamda ali
Creado por hamda ali hace más de 5 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Alzheimer's Disease
  1. Limbic system anatomy
      1. Hippocampal Formation
        1. Fornix
        2. Physiology of Memory & Learning
          1. Information Processing Model
            1. Sensory Memory
              1. Working Memory
                1. Long-Term Memory
                  1. Explicit
                    1. Implicit
            2. Delirium
              1. causes
              2. Differential Diagnosis of dementia
                1. Types of Dementia
                  1. Alzheimer’s Disease
                    1. Vascular Dementia
                      1. Lewy Body Dementia
                        1. Fronto-Temporal Dementia
                          1. Alcohol-related Dementia
                            1. Mixed Dementia
                            2. Causes of dementia
                              1. Degenerative neurological diseases
                                1. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and some types of multiple sclerosis. These diseases get worse over time.
                                2. Vascular disorders
                                  1. Traumatic brain injuries
                                    1. Infections of the central nervous system
                                      1. Certain types of hydrocephalus
                                      2. Risk factors of dementia
                                        1. Dementia investigation
                                          1. Risk factors of alzheimer's disease
                                            1. Age\Family history\Down’s syndrome\Head injuries\Cardiovascular disease\Smoking\Obesity\Diabetes\HBP\High LDL
                                            2. Causes of alzheimer's disease
                                              1. Genetics
                                                1. Lifestyle
                                                  1. Environment
                                                  2. Signs and Symptoms of Alzheimer's
                                                    1. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's
                                                      1. Investigations and Clinical Diagnosis
                                                        1. There's no specific test today that confirms Alzheimer's disease.
                                                          1. 1st investigations to order
                                                            1. bedside cognitive testing\ complete blood count\ metabolic panel\ serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
                                                            2. Investigations to consider
                                                              1. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis\ serum RPR/VDRL\ serum HIV\ formal neuropsychological testing
                                                              2. Emerging tests
                                                                1. amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET)
                                                              3. Epidemiology
                                                                  1. More than 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia, most suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
                                                                  2. Drugs used in Alzheimer’s disease
                                                                    1. Reversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
                                                                      1. Selective
                                                                        1. Rivastigmine
                                                                          1. Galantamine
                                                                            1. Donepezil
                                                                            2. Non selective
                                                                              1. Tacrine
                                                                              2. Side effects
                                                                                1. Diarrhea\ Urination\ Miosis\ Bronchospasm\ Excessive salivation\ Lacrimation\ Sweating\ Nausea (excessive GI movements)\ Hypotension\Bradycardia
                                                                                2. MOA
                                                                                3. NMDA antagonist
                                                                                  1. Memantine
                                                                                    1. Side effects
                                                                                      1. Confusion Agitation Restlessness
                                                                                      2. MOA
                                                                                    2. Principles of drug use for elderly
                                                                                      1. Neuropsychological Tests
                                                                                        1. Uses
                                                                                          1. Mini Mental State Examination
                                                                                            1. The mini mental state test includes only 11 questions that examines five areas of the cognitive function
                                                                                              1. Orientation Registration Attention and calculation Recall Language
                                                                                              2. A score of 28 – 30 (Normal cognitive state)\ A score of 25 – 27 (Mild cognitive impairment)\ A score of 21 – 24 (Mild dementia)\ A score of 11 – 20 (Moderate dementia)\ A score of less than 10 (Severe dementia)
                                                                                            2. Complication
                                                                                              1. Restlessness and agitation\ Bladder and bowel problems\ Depression\ Falls\ Infections\ Wandering\ Malnutrition and dehydration
                                                                                              2. Prognosis
                                                                                                1. Life expectancy of people with AD is reduced Following diagnosis it typically ranges from three to ten years
                                                                                                  1. Survival is shorten by: severe cognitive impairment & coincident diseases
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