EAST ASIA MIDTERM PART 1

1. MING DYNASTY
   1. FELL BECAUSE OF
      1. BAD LEADERSHIP
      2. DISEASE
      3. ECONOMIC COLLAPSE
      4. LITTLE ICE AGE
      5. THE QING DYNASTY
         1. MONGOLIA/ ZUNGHAR WARS
            1. DIFFICULT TO CONQUOR
         2. ADVANTAGES OF THE MANCHUS
            1. MONEY (GINSING)
            2. BANNER CONQUEST ORGANIZATION

               Nota:

               • NERHATCHI DEVELOPED A SYSTEM OF REORGANIZATION FOR SOCIETY. UNITED THE MANCHUS UNDER A SINGLE BANNER. 
            3. FIGHTING SKILL AND WEAPONS

               Nota:

               • COULD SHOOT AROWS W/ GREAT ACCURACY @ FULL GALLOP
            4. SAFE LOCATION TO TRAIN
         3. THE QUEUE 1645

            Nota:

            • "KEEP YOUR HAIR AND LOSE YOUR HEAD OR KEEP YOUR HEAD AND CUT YOUR HAIR"
            • A WAY OF ENFORCING LOYALTY IN A NEW EMPIRE
         4. 40 YEARS TO UNITY
            1. MING IMPERIAL PRINCES
            2. 3 FEUDATORIES

               Nota:

               • WU SANGUI HAD BEEN GRANTED POSITION OF GENERAL IN SOUTHERN TERITORIES. DECIDED TO CROWN HIMSELF EMPEROR.
            3. CHINA AND TAIWAN
               1. ZHENG CHENGGONG (KOXINGA)

                  Nota:

                  • FUJANESE TRADER. PRACTICE OUTLAWED UNDER QING RULE. MING LOYALIST/ ZHENG FAMILY CONTROLLED TAIWAN FOR 20 YEARS
                  • ESTABLISHES LARGE BASE ON TAIWAN.
                  1. THE DUTCH IN TAIWAN

                     Nota:

                     • DUTCH FORT ESTABLISHED IN TAIWAN
                     1. KOXINGA VS. DUTCH 1662

                        Nota:

                        • KOXINGA KICKS DUTCH OUT OF TAIWAN
                  2. ULTIMATELY, QING TAKES OVER TAIWAN
         5. TREATY OF NERCHINX

            Nota:

            • SIGNED A TREATY W/ THE RUSSIANS TO PREVENT A 2 FRONT WAR
         6. GOLDEN AGE OF THE QING DYNASTY
            1. FIRST 150 YRS
               1. INCEREASE IN TERITORY / STRENGTH
               2. GOOD WEATHER
               3. ESTABLISHED INCREASED DISEASE RESISTANCE
               4. ABUNDANT FOOD
                  1. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
            2. EXCELLENT LEADERS
               1. SMART, FAIR,MULTI-LINGUAL

                  Nota:

                  • KANGXI 60YRS, YANGZHENG 10 YRS, QIANLONG 60 YRS
               2. TANISTRY

                  Nota:

                  • ALL SONS = COULD BECOME EMPEROR
         7. DECLINE OF QING
            1. TAIPING REBELLION 1851-1864

               Nota:

               • 30 MILLION KILLED  COVERED 1/3 CHINA, ALMOST TOPPLED QING HELD NANJING AS CAPITOL FOR 10 YRS. EVEN CREATED CURRENCY
               1. CAUSES
                  1. DESTRUCTION FROM OPIUM WAR
                     1. OPENING OF NEW PORTS DUE TO THE TREATY OF NANJING CAUSE MANY TEA PORTERS TO LOSE THEIR JOBS
                        1. POVERTY/ FAMINE
                  2. ETHNIC TENSION
                     1. ZHUANG MINORITY AND HAN BEGIN FIGHTING
                  3. GREAT LEADERS
                     1. HONG XIUQUAN

                        Nota:

                        • TRIED AND FAILED AT THE EXAMS SEVERAL TIMES. ENCOUNTERS A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY IN CANTON. 
                        1. LEADER TAIPING REBELLION
                        2. GOD WORSHIPER SOCIETY

                           Nota:

                           • HONG XIUQUAN HAS A DREAM WHERE IT IS PRESENTED TO HIM THAT HE IS THE BROTHER OF JESUS. IS INSTRUCTED TO KILL ALL QING.
                           1. EQUALITY BETWEEN SEXES

                              Nota:

                              • SEGREGATION BETWEEN SEXES AS WELL. ONLY HIGH RANKING OFFICIAL COULD HAVE SEX.
                              1. MILITARY ORGANIZATION REFORMED TO INCLUDE WOMEN
                           2. LAND REDISTRIBUTION BASED ON TOTAL NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS, INCLUDING WOMEN
                           3. UNIVERSAL EDUCATION

                              Nota:

                              • INCLUDING EXAM SYSTEM STUDIED HONG XIUQUAN'S ADAPTED BIBLE
                           4. COMMUNAL BREAK DOWN OF FAMILY UNITS COMMUNISM. LAND AND GOODS REDISTRIBUTED BASED ON NEED
               2. QING RESPONSE
                  1. EVER VICTORIOUS ARMY
                     1. BRITISH SOILDERS BROUGHT IN TO ASSIST THE QING DYNASY IN QUELLING THE REBELLION

                        Nota:

                        • DID SO ONLY TO ENSURE INDEMNITIES CONTINUED TO BE PAID TO BRITAIN 
                        1. LED TO THE "CARVING UP" OF CHINA BY EUROPEANS
                  2. ARMED HAN

                     Nota:

                     • DANGEROUS FOR THE MINORITY MANCHUS TO DEPEND ON THE MAJORITY HAN FOR DEFENSE
   2. LI ZICHENG
      1. FORMER SHEPARD: TOOK BEIIJING

         Nota:

         • COULDN'T CONTROL MEN PEOPLE DECIDED DID NOT HAVE MANDATE
      2. WU SANGUI

         Nota:

         • DID NOT BELEIVE LI ZICHENG POSESSED THE MANDATE. LET THE MANCHUS IN
   3. ZHANG XIANZHONG TOOK SISCHUAN
2. MANDATE OF HEAVEN
3. 4 CONFUCIAN CLASSES

   Nota:

   • THE SCHOLAR THE FARMER THE CRAFTSMAN THE MERCHANT
   1. SOCIAL MOBILITY
4. TRADE W/ WEST
   1. CANTON SYSTEM

      Nota:

      • SET UP BY CHINESE GVT TO TRADE W/ WEST MONOPOLY ON TRADE  CORRUPT
      1. WESTERNERS BELEIVED CONSPIROCY
   2. NO INTEREST IN WESTERN GOODS. PIANOS, WOOLENS ETC.
   3. TRADE IMBALANCE

      Nota:

      • BRITTISH PURCHASING LOTS OF TEA, CHINA NOT PURCHASING BRITTISH GOODS 
      1. OPIUM IN CHINA

         Nota:

         • BRITISH DECIDED TO SELL OPIUM TO CHINESE BECAUSE IT WAS CLOSE, LIGHT AND CREATED A DEPENDANCY
         1. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

            Nota:

            • SILVER PRICES SKYROCKET DUE TO SO MUCH BEING SPENT ON OPIUM
         2. LIN ZEXU

            Nota:

            • HIGH LVL OFFICIAL WROTE LETTER TO QUEEN VICTORIA REQUESTING HER TO STOP SELLING OPIUM IN HIS COUNTRY. 
            1. ATTEMPTS TO TRADE OPIUM BACK TO BRITTISH FOR TEA

               Nota:

               • BRITISH REFUSE ALL OPIUM DESTROYED 
               1. BRITTISH KICKED OUT OF CHINA/ SET UP ON HONG KONG
                  1. OPIUM WAR 1840-42
                     1. TREATY OF NANJING 1842

                        Nota:

                        • SIGNED AT GUNPOINT
                        1. FIRST OF UNEAQUAL TREATIES

                           Nota:

                           • INCLUDED AMBASADORS IN BEIJING, 5 PORTS OPEN, ABOLISH CANTON MERCHANTS, 21 MILLION IN INDEMNITY EXTRATERITORIALITY MOST FAVORED NATION  GIVE HONG KONG TO BRITAN
                           1. ARROW WAR

                              Nota:

                              • SECOND OPIUM WAR BURNED DOWN YUANMINGYUAN (SUMMER PALACE) 
                              1. TREATY OF TIENTSIN 1885

                                 Nota:

                                 • INDEMNITY + LARGE CHUNKS OF CHINESE TERRITORY "LEASED" IN PERPETUITY TO EUROPEANS
                                 1. MISSIONARIES IN CHINA
                                 2. OPIUM FORCABLY LEGALIZED
                                    1. @ END OF CENTURY, 30+ MILLION OCCASIONAL USERS, 15 MILLION ADDICTS. MOST SEVERE ABUSE AMONG IMPERIAL CLANSMEN AND BANNERMEN

1. 4 CONFUCIAN CLASSES

   Nota:

   • SAMURAI FARMER CRAFTSMAN MERCHANT
   1. COMPLETELY IMMOBILE
2. REUNIFICATION
   1. 3 GREAT WARLORDS
      1. ODA NOHUNAGA 1
         1. BRUTAL
            1. BASE AROUND NAGOYA
            2. SUPPRESSED ARMED BUDHISTS
         2. ASSASINATED
      2. TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI 2
         1. RETAINER FOR ODA
         2. 1ST TO UNITE ALL OF JAPAN UNDER 1 RULER IN 250 YRS
            1. SWORD HUNTS
         3. WAS NEVER MADE SHOGUN
         4. ATTEMPTS TO CONQUOR MING

            Nota:

            • 1590'S / DIES FAMILY DISHONORED 
      3. TOKUGAWA IEYASU 3
         1. CAREFUL STRATEGIST
            1. MILITARY POWER
            2. MARIAGE PRACTICES
               1. PRIMOGENITOR FOR RULING CLASS

                  Nota:

                  • RULED OUT ARGUMENT BTW SONS/ IF LAND DISPUTE OCURED TOKUGAWA WOULD TAKE LAND FOR HIMSELF
         2. BATTLE OF SEKIGAHRA

            Nota:

            • ENDED CIVIL WAR TO AN END BEGINIG OF TOKUGAWA BAKUFU 1600
         3. EDO
   2. 5 TOKUGAWA SYSTEMS OF CONTROLL
      1. ALTERNATE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

         Nota:

         • MOST IMPT TO MAINTAINING POWER
         1. DAIMYO MUST RESIDE IN EDO EVERY OTHER YEAR
            1. HOSTAGE SYSTEM

               Nota:

               • WIVES AND CHILDREN MUST REMAIN IN EDO
            2. VERY EXPENSIVE

               Nota:

               • EXTENSIVE TRAVEL BETWEEN THEIR DOMAIN AND EDO CREATED HIGHWAYS THAT PROMOTED TRAVEL AND TRADE
            3. NAKASENDO AND TOKAIDO HIGHWAYS
         2. ADITIONAL CONTROLS
            1. ONLY SHOGUN HAD DOMAIN REASSIGNMENT POWER
            2. MARIAGES HAD TO BE APPROVED BY SHOGUN
            3. EVERYTHING WENT THROUGH SHOGUN
      2. BAKUFU
         1. TENT GVT OF 4/5 MEN

            Nota:

            • EACH HAVE AT LEAST 30000 KOKU
            1. ROTATED EVERY MONTH

               Nota:

               • PREVENTED ALIANCES FROM FORMING 
      3. DOMAIN RESTRUCTURE
         1. FUDAI

            Nota:

            • FOUGHT ALONGSIDE THE SHOGUN BOARDERD SHIMPAN
         2. TOZAMA

            Nota:

            • OUTER RING FOUGHT AGAINST THE SHOGUN IN THE BATTLE OF SEKIGARA
            • ALSO: EUROPEANS HAD MOST CONTACT W/ TOZAMA
            1. DUE TO THEIR LOCATION, THE TOZAMA HAD ESTABLISHED WEAPONS TRADE W/ WESTERNERS DURING THE TOKUGAWA PERIOD.

               Nota:

               • CONCLUDE SHOGUNATE INCOMPETANT ARM AND PRODUCE WEAPONS BEGIN BUILDING LOCAL MILITIA
         3. SHIMPAN

            Nota:

            • VERY CLOSE RELATIVES  BOARDERD BAKUFU BETTER LAND SECURITY
      4. FREEZING OF SOCIAL ORDER

         Nota:

         • CREATED IMBALANCE W/IN SOCIETY (MUSUI)
      5. SAKOKU

         Nota:

         • CLOSED COUNTRY
         1. BAN ON CHRISTIANITY

            Nota:

            • DECREASED THE PROBABILITY THAT SECTS WOULD ERUPT AND DISTURB THE NEWLY UNIFIED JAPANESE SOCIETY
         2. BAN ON OUTSIDE EXCANGE W/ WESTERNERS
            1. DUTCH ON DEJMA ALLOWED TO STAY
            2. NAGASAKI "WINDOW TO THE WORLD"
3. RISE OF JAPANESE NATIONALISM 1800-1850 FALL OF TOKUGAWA JAPAN
   1. TWO NEW SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT BOTH ANTI- CHINA
      1. RANGAKU (NEW MEDICINE)
      2. KOKUGAKU (NATIONAL LEARNING)
   2. COMODORE PERRY 1853
      1. DEMANDS SAFETY OF US SOILDERS AND FOR JAPAN TO OPEN UP TRADE W/ US
         1. BAKUFU CONSULT EMPEROR
            1. KANAGAWA AGREEMENT 1854 PERMITS THESE DEMANDS
            2. CREATE NEW PRECIDENT. BY ASKING, THE BAKUFU MAKE THEM SELVES SEEM BOTH WEAK AND TREASONUS. NO WIN SITUATION
            3. EMPEROR MEIJI DOES NOT WANT TO DEAL WITH OUTSIDERS

Nota:

• EVERY ONE HAS A SET PLACE RITUALS HELPED KEEP ALL RELATIONSHIPS CLEAR. 

1. 5 RELATIONSHIPS