HARDWARE/NETWORKING

Nota:

• how one comp can talk to another…it’s the set of rules we use that comps talk to other comps

1. TRANSIMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL (tcp/ip)
   1. HTTP

      Nota:

      • -who uses this? Web browser AND SERVERS SEND WEB PAGES

Nota:

• Private network Provided by a third party for exchanging infor through a high capacity connection

Nota:

• A way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network

Nota:

• VoIP uses existing Internet infrastructure to route calls

Nota:

• CONTAINS PART OF A MESSAGE AND ADDRESS OF DESTINATION COMPUTER ROUTERS INTERPRET PACKETS

Nota:

• =wireless

1. 1. CPU

   Nota:

   • Hardware the interprets and executes the program (software) instructions  and coordinates how all other hardware devices work together RISC chips limit # of instructions and run faster than CISC chips
   1. consists of two primary elements
      1. arithmetic/logic unit

         Nota:

         • ALU responds to the control unit and does whatever it dictates, performing either arithmetic or logic operations. 
      2. Control unit.

         Nota:

         • interprets software instructions and tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on software instructions
   2. SPEED FACTORS
      1. CLOCK SPEED

         Nota:

         • # of CPU cycles per second determines how fast a CPU carries out software instruction More cycles=FASTER
         1. GHz

            Nota:

            • the number of billions of CPU cycles per second
         2. MHz

            Nota:

            •  the number of millions of CPU cycles per second
      2. WORD LEGNTH
         1. BYTES

            Nota:

            • * How many bits in a byte=8 bits * One character is one bytes or 8 bits * GREG-how many bytes ? 4…how many bits 8*4=32
      3. BUS WIDTH

         Nota:

         • the size of the internal electrical pathway along which signals are sent from one part of the computer to another. A wider bus can move more data, hence faster processing.
         1. Wider the electrical pathway the faster
      4. CHIP LINE WIDTH

         Nota:

         • Distance between a  transistor on a chip
         1. shorter the faster
2. 2. PRIMARY STORAGE

   Nota:

   • The computers main memory, which consists of: -RAM -Cache Memory -ROM Directly accesible to the CPU
   1. CACHE MEMORY

      Nota:

      • Ultra fast memory to store recently used or most used data
   2. RAM

      Nota:

      • -Computer' primary working memory  -Accessed directly by CPU -often called read/write memory -VOLATILITY: Does not retain memory when comp goes off. RAM is wiped clean
      1. VOLATILITY
   3. ROM

      Nota:

      • Does not lose contents when switched off Stores essential computer programs that user nor comp can erase MEMORY CARDS AND STICKS ALSO
      1. FLASH MEMORY

         Nota:

         • Compact and portable ROM PDAs and cell phones make extensive use of ________ to store the operating system and applications that are included with the device.
3. 3. SECONDARY STORAGE: LARGE VOLUMEs

   Nota:

   • The equipment to store large volumes of data for long-term storage -diskette -Hard Drive -Memory Card -CD
   1. CD
   2. HARD DRIVE
   3. Stored in BYTES
      1. GB

         Nota:

         • 1 billion bytes
      2. MB

         Nota:

         • a million bytes
      3. TB

         Nota:

         • One trillion bytes
   4. STORAGE TYPES
      1. MAGNETIC MEDIUM

         Nota:

         • Uses magnetic techniques to store and retrieve data on disks or tapes coated with magnets First form-Mag Tape Recent-HARD DRIVE
      2. OPTICAL MEDIUM

         Nota:

         • stores information in the form of tiny pits which can then be read by a laser
         1. DIGITAL VIDEO DISK (DVD)

            Nota:

            • CD-ROM Format capable of 17GB
4. 4. INPUT DEVICES

   Nota:

   • Equipment used to capture information and commands -Keyboard, scanner, mouse, etc
5. 5. OUTPUT DEVICES

   Nota:

   • The equipment used to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results or information processing requests -Monitor, printer, etc
6. 6. COMMUNICATION DEVICES

   Nota:

   • Equipment used to send information and receive it from one location to another -Modem

Nota:

• Select a distribution channel for shipping the goods Set up a method for collecting payments Create a web site for the business

Nota:

• MEDIA IS WHAT CARRIES THE SIGNAL BETWEEN COMPUTERS

1. WIRE MEDIA
   1. TWISTED PAIR

      Nota:

      • Refers to a type of cable composed of four (or more) copper wires twisted around each other within a plastic sheath?
   2. COAXIAL

      Nota:

      • METALIC SHIELD WITH A SINGLE WIRE IN MIDDLE AND ISOLATED FROM SHIELD BY INSULATOR GROUNDING FEATURE ALLOWS FOR LOTS OF CO CABLES TO BE PLACED IN A SHEATH WITHOUT LOSS OF DATA INTEGRITY
   3. FIBER

      Nota:

      • uses pulses of light to transmit the data Light-fastest but most expensive