MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS

PRESENT
1. ABILITY
  1. CAN /CAN'T + infinitive
    1. I can play chess.
2. PERMISSION
  1. May I go to the toilet?
    1. can(not) /could (not)/ may (not) / might (not) + infinitive
3. POSSIBILITY/PROBABILITY
  1. may (not) / might (not) / could (not) + infinitive
    1. It may rain tomorrow
4. LOGICAL DEDUCTION
  1. must (affirmative) / can't (negative) + infinitive
    1. That person can't be Peter because he is in paris.
5. PROHIBITION
  1. mustn't /can't + infinitive
    1. You mustn't smoke in class.
6. OBLIGATION
  1. must /have-has to + infinitive
    1. Yo have to wear a helmet in motorbikes
7. LACK OF OBLIGATION/NECCESITY
  1. don't/doesn't have/need to + infinitive // needn't + infinitive
    1. You don't have to wear uniform at school.
8. ADVICE
  1. should(not) / ought (not) to / had better + infinitive
    1. You should visit your grandmother.
9. NECESSITY
  1. need to + infinitive
    1. I need to sleep.
10. PROMISES
  1. will + infinitive
    1. I will finish it on time.
11. PROPOSALS/HELPS/SUGGESTIONS
  1. shall I/we....???
    1. Shall we go to the beach?
PAST
1. POSSIBILITY / PROBABILITY
  1. may / could / might have + past participle
    1. He could have gone home because he was not there
2. ADVICE
  1. should /ought (not) to have + past participle
    1. I should have studied more.
3. ABILITY
  1. could (not) + infinitive
    1. I could swim when I was 2.
4. PERMISSION
  1. can / could / may / might (not) have + past participle
    1. She may have gone to the toilet
5. DEDUCTION
  1. must / can't have + past participle
    1. They can't have done it because they were not there.
6. LACK OF OBLIGATION/ NECCESITY
  1. needn't have + past participle(no era necesario pero se hizo)
    1. You needn't have bought me a present
  2. didn't have/need to + infinitive (no era necesario pero NO se hizo)
    1. I didn't have to bring the English books.

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