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Chapter 14
- Thermodynamics Basics
- Transfer of energy between systems of particles
- Conservation of Energy is key
- Changes in energy affects its properties
- Transfer of energy between systems of particles
- Systems
- Particles exchange energy via collisions
- Systems can exchange energy with other systems
- Example: Balloon filled with Oxygen molecules
- Properties
- Macroscopic
- Temperature
- Heat
- When comparing 2
systems, macroscopic
properties as a whole will be
the same
- Temperature
- Microscopic
- position
- velocity
- When comparing 2
systems, they may not
be the same on the
microscopic level
- position
- Macroscopic
- Particles exchange energy via collisions
- Temperature
- Associated with "hotness" and "coldness"
- Energy is transferred from the "hotter" system to the "colder" system
- Thermal equilibrium is
reached when both
systems have the same
temperature
- Thermal equilibrium is
reached when both
systems have the same
temperature
- Conversions
- Tk = Tc + 273.15
- Tf = (9/5)Tc+32
- Tc = 5/9 (Tf-32)
- Tk = Tc + 273.15
- Scales
- Farenheit
- Water freezes at 32 degrees F
- Water boils at 212 degrees F
- Water freezes at 32 degrees F
- Celsius
- Water freezes at 0 degrees C
- Water boils at 100 degrees C
- Water freezes at 0 degrees C
- Kelvin
- Water freezes at 273.15 K
- Water boils at 373.15 K
- Water freezes at 273.15 K
- Farenheit
- Lower limit is 0K, absolute zero
- Associated with "hotness" and "coldness"
- Heat/Heat Energy
- Energy
that
flows
between
systems
- Principle of Conservation of Energy
- the amount of
energy that "leaves"
system 1 must be =
to the amount of
energy "entering"
system 2
- the amount of
energy that "leaves"
system 1 must be =
to the amount of
energy "entering"
system 2
- Transfer
depends
on temp
difference
- Units of Heat
- SI unit = Joules
- 1 calorie = 4.186 J
- 1 Calorie = 1000 calories
- SI unit = Joules
- Energy
that
flows
between
systems
- Zeroth Law
- If 2 systems (A & B) are
in thermal equilibrium, and
systems B & C are also in
equilibrium, then A & C are
in equilibrium
- Temp is the only property of a system that will determine
heat flow between it and another system
- If 2 systems (A & B) are
in thermal equilibrium, and
systems B & C are also in
equilibrium, then A & C are
in equilibrium
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