History Exam (Romans-Early Europe)

Romans
1. Fall of Roman Empire
  1. internal
    1. mines ran dry after peak gold
      1. low money
        couldnt pay for large army
        hired mercanaries
        cheaper
        not as loyal
        raised taxes
        gap between classes increased
        less silver into coins
        items cost more money
        inflation
        inflation
        everyone poorer
        gap between classes increased
  2. external
    1. outside attacks
      1. huns attacked germanic tribes
        germanic tribes fled to roman empire
  3. Western Roman Empire
    1. Weaker because capital was far away
  4. Eastern Roman Empire
    1. Had new capital
      1. Became strong
        Byzantine Empire
        Fall
        4th Crusade
        Sack of Constantinople
        Economy went down
        population leaves
        no organization
Islam
1. success
  1. good army
    1. strong, well paid soldiers
    2. element of surprise at neighboring places
      1. people of dessert
      2. neighbors didn't expect strength
    3. unity in same religion
  2. tolerant of conquered people
    1. small tax
      1. small if muslim
      2. larger but still small if non muslim
    2. tolerant of religion
      1. no forced religion
2. fall
  1. Shi'a-Sunni conflict
    1. who should rule??
      1. muhammed relative
        civil war
        ummayads took over everything
        taken over by abassids
        1258 sack of baghdad
        economic devastation
        weakens
        break up to caliphates
      2. not muhamed relative
        just good muslim
        civil war
  2. too large to control
    1. break up to caliphates
West African Kingdoms
1. Ghana
  1. Trade
    1. Taxes off traders coming
      1. everything brought in some goes to king
        King is wealthy
        Strong Army
        Territory Grows
  2. Gold Mines
  3. Salt
    1. Trade
      1. Easy because camels
2. Mali
  1. Organized Strong Government
    1. Islamic Unity
  2. essentially the same
    1. Trade
3. Decline of Kingdoms
  1. gold ran out
    1. trade decline
      1. economy inflated
  2. poor leadership
4. City States
  1. Portugese Attacked
    1. didn't intentionally want to
      1. found "gold mine"
    2. trade disruption
      1. poor economy
        weakens
  2. Success
    1. Good Trade
      1. On Coast
        Monsoons helped
      2. Ivory gold animal stuff
Frank Kingdom
1. Power
  1. Expansion
    1. Strong Army
      1. Disclipined
      2. Organized
  2. Well ruled
  3. Alliance with Church
  4. Unified by Religion
    1. Clovis
      1. converted
      2. United with Church
      3. set boundary for kingdom
    2. Charlemagne
      1. By church is Holy Emperor
    3. Pepin the Short
      1. became king of franks
  5. Power
    1. Promoted Learning
2. Decline
  1. too large, split
    1. ineffective rulers
      1. invasions
        viking
        magguar
        muslims
Mongols
1. Decline
  1. Too big
  2. Death of Ghenghis Khan
    1. Divided amongst 4 sons
2. Success
  1. Good army
    1. fierce warrriors
      1. terrorize
      2. cruel
    2. on horseback
  2. Genghis Khan
3. nomads
4. good on horseback
5. Horrible to conquered people
  1. after conquer
    1. extreme tolerance
      1. only tax
        Tolerance of conquered people
        mongols became chinese
        mongols became persian
        Mongol Empire dissappeared
China
1. Sui
  1. built great wall around territory
    1. Overworked and Overtaxed
  2. Canal around for trade
    1. Overworked and Overtaxed
      1. People oveerthrew and rebelled at government
        Tang
        Grew because of trade
        Started Civil Service Exam
        Strong bureacracy
        Strong Centralized Gov
        Fell because rebels sacked capital
        Song
        Golden Age good empire
        Civil Service Exam
        Good trade
        MONGOLS TOOK OVER

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History Exam (Romans-Early Europe)

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