Physics 2010 Group 5A: Concept Map 1

Chapter 1
1. The Purpose of Physics
  1. Physics: the science of matter and energy, and the interactions between them
2. Problem Solving
  1. Types of Problems
    1. Quantitative problems
    2. Concept checks
    3. Reasoning and relationship problems
  2. Problem Solving Strategies
    1. KUDOS Method
      1. K = Known
      2. U = Unknown
      3. D = Definition
      4. O = Output
      5. S = Substantiation
3. Dealing With Numbers
  1. Scientific Notation
    1. A way to abbreviate very large or very small numbers
      1. Example: Diameter of a proton = 1 x 10^-15 meters
  2. Significant Figures
    1. The most basic way to indicate accuracy of a quantity
      1. 1. Nonzero digits are always significant
      2. 2. Final ending zeroes to the right are significant
      3. 3. Placeholder zeroes are not significant
      4. 4. Zeroes between digits are significant
4. SI System of Units
  1. Standard Units of Dimensions
    1. Length = meter (m); Mass = kilogram (kg); Time = seconds (s)
  2. Unit Prefixes
    1. tera (T) = 10^12; giga (G) = 10^9; mega (M) = 10^6; kilo (k) = 10^3
    2. centi (c) = 10^-2; milli (m) = 10^-3; micro (u) = 10^-6; nano (n) = 10^-9
5. Dimensional Analysis
  1. Dimensions must be the same on both sides of the equals sign
    1. Because of that we know time does not = speed x distance
      1. mgh doesn't = 1/2mv^2
6. Vectors
  1. Can either add, multiplied by scalar, subtract, or resolved into components
  2. An arrow indicates the magnitude of the vector
  3. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the vector with respect to a given coordinate system
  4. Vector Components
    1. Fx = Fcos(angle) Fy = Fsin(angle)
Chapter 2
1. Aristotle's Mechanics
  1. celestial vs. terrestrial motion
  2. v=F/R (INCORRECT)
2. What is Motion?
  1. Velocity and Speed
    1. Velocity is a vector, with speed being its magnitude
    2. velocity=displacement/time
    3. instantaneous: velocity at a single point in time (slope of position vs. time graph)
  2. Acceleration
    1. change in velocity/change in time
3. Inertia
  1. Galileo's experiment with an inclined surface set the cornerstone for the principle of intertia
  2. Newton's Laws of Motion
    1. LAW #1: If the total force acting on an object is zero, the object will maintain its velocity forever
    2. LAW #2: Total force acting on an object is the sum of all of the forces acting on that object
      1. F=ma
      2. 1N=1kgm/s^2
    3. LAW #3: When one object exerts a force on second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude and opposite direction of the original force
  3. An object's resistance to motion
4. Redefining Aristotles 'Laws'
  1. Reworking Theories is vital
5. Motion with constant acceleration
  1. v +Vi +at
6. Normal Forces and weight
  1. Apparent weight
  2. N = mg + ma
  3. Mass
    1. F gravity = -mg
7. Free Body Diagrams
  1. recognize objects of interest
  2. Sketch!
  3. Identify Relationships
  4. Solve!
Chapter 3
1. AIr Drag
  1. Depend on Shape of Object
  2. Larger for Objects Moving at high speeds
2. Bacterium
  1. Drag force large compared to weight
3. Frictiojn
  1. Kinetic Friction
    1. Force against the force needed to continue moving an object on a surface
  2. Static Friction
    1. Force against the force needed to begin moving an object on a surface
  3. F=uN
4. Free Fall
  1. Initial velocity equals zero under standard conditions
  2. a=gravity (9.8m/s^2)
    1. g is positive or negative depending on the direction of the vertical motion
5. Tension
  1. T=mg+ma
  2. For a pulley system, Tension opposes mass and gravity
Chapter 4
1. Statics
  1. Translation equilibirum
    1. velocity and acceleration are both zero
    2. Ex) tight rope walker, tensions are in equilibrium
  2. Static Equilibrium and frictional Forces
    1. Example: for a car on a hill not to move normal force, mg, and friction must add to zero
2. Projectile Motion
  1. motion of arrow, ball or rock when it is thrown
  2. Car rolling off a cliff. Car's velocity vector is always tangent to the tragectory
    1. the time the car takes to reach the ground is independent of the motion along x
3. Reference Frames and Relative Velocity
  1. Inertial Reference Frame = Nonaccelerated Ref. Frame
  2. reference frame- observers choice of coordinate system
4. Detecting Acceleration
5. Newtons Laws
  1. Working with Frictional Force
  2. Pulleys and Cables
6. Air Drag Continued
  1. Effect of Air drag on a bicycle

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