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Neto and Cox, 'Electoral Institutions, cleavage structures and the number of parties
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Mapa Mental sobre Neto and Cox, 'Electoral Institutions, cleavage structures and the number of parties, creado por iainajniven el 01/05/2013.
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Resumen del Recurso
Neto and Cox, 'Electoral Institutions, cleavage structures and the number of parties
Central claim is that that electoral laws and social cleavages interact together to produce the number of parties in the political system
Quotes
The effective number of political parties appears to depend on the product of social heterogeneity and electoral permissiveness
Multipartism arises as the joint product of many exploitable cleavages and a permissive electoral system
Social cleavage - a social division in which the groups are conscious of their social divisions, there is an organization for this idenity
Electoral systems - a set of laws and party rules that regulate electoral competition between and within parties
Goal was to resolve debate about relative importance of sociological ad institutional factors
Research Question - What effect do electoral institutions and social cleavages have on the number of political parties
Do electoral laws and social cleavages affect the number of effective legislative parties, effective elective parties, effectvi presidential candidate
Hypothesis - The effective number of parties should be multiplicative rather than an additive function of the permissiveness of the electoral system
Research Design
Large-n cross case statistical anaylsis
Analyses the degree of correlation between the number of effective parties
Measures of electoral system perissiveness
Data from 54 elections around the world, held as close to 1985 as possible, both parliament and presidential
Cases selected on basis that elections qualified as free by Free House and analysed data using multivariate regression
Design provides opportunity to asses association between different factors and dependent variables
Large number of observations means there is an opportunity to falsify the hypothesis
Case selection means have more diverse sample than previous studies - many less developed countries included
Used OLS regression analysis to estimate how much of the dependent variable can be explained by each independent variable
Dependent variable - data collected and indexes and constructed of independent variable
Effective number of parliamentary parties
Effective number of electoral parties
Effective number of presidential candidates
Elections if they happen
Electoral permissiveness of lower and upper tier electoral system
Data on ethnic and on language group fragmentation
Key Findings
Variation in number of effective parliamentary parties can be accounted for by the join impact of the number of effective elective parties
and the permissiveness of the electoral system
The number of effective presidential candidates is also the product of the interaction of the permissiveness of the presidential electoral system
Amount of variance relatively low
Robustness Check
Split sample and checked results hold for both developed and less developed countries
No effect on main findings
Key Inference - Electoral permissiveness and the number of cleavages interact together to produce the number of parties in the party system
Evaluation
Able to test hypothesis in a broad set of cases and establish causal effect
Replicable
Breath vs. trade off - little information about how factors work, much about how they operated across the cases
Focus on correlation as evidence of causation not mechaism
To establish casual mechanism would have to race the theorized process over time - case study
No evidence presented about endogenity / recipocal causation - a question posed by sociological approach
Ethnic fragmentation is only 1 cleavage and is a measure of diversity not politicised cleavagess
Stoll replicates results with 16 alternative measures of cleavage diversity
In only 4 of these models is he interaction between electoral permissiveness and electoral diversity statistically significant
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