Sounds, spellings and symbols.

Sounds, spellings and symbols.

1. Phonetics and Phonology

   • Phonetics
     • Humans produce sounds to comunicate
       • Phonetics describe and clasificate this sounds
         • EXAMPLE ă, pronounced /æ/ as in apple, ĕ, pronounced /ɛ/ as in elephant, ĭ, pronounced /ɪ/ as in insect, ŏ, pronounced /ɒ/ as in octopus, ŭ, pronounced /ʌ/ as in umbrella.
           • vowels
   • Phonology
     • Humans have different accents
       • Phonology studies the speech sound in a particular language
         • EXAMPLE. The movements the body goes through in order to create sounds - such as the pronounciation of the letter "t" in "bet," where the vocal chords stop vibrating causing the "t" sound to be a result of the placement of the tongue behind the teeth and the flow of air.

2. Variation

   • Characteristic of language.
   • There is more than one way of saying the same thing.
     • Accent
     • Lexicon
     • Morphology and Syntax
   • EXAMPLE. The optional pronunciation of -ing at the end of a word as -in', as in "I kept walkin'"

3. The International Phonetic Alphabet

   • Alphabetic system
     • Based on the Latin alphabet
       • That standardized a representation of the sounds of spoken language
   • Represent qualities like
     • phones, phonemes, intonation, and the separation of words and syllables
   • IPA symbols
     • Letters A,b,c,f,u, etc.
     • Diacritics ´ ˝ ` ̏ ˘ ̑ ˇ ¸ ˆ , etc.
       • /tʃ/, [d̰], etc.

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