physics test revision exam

1. random pattern
2. atleast 50% are touching one another
3. can be poured
4. medium force of attraction

1. organized
2. strong forces of attraction
3. vibrate on the spot

1. move in a rapid, random motion
2. weak force of attraction
3. unorganized/ don't touch

1. melting: solid - liquid
2. evaporation: liquid - gas
3. freezing: liquid - solid
4. condensation: gas - liquid
5. sublimation: solid - gas
6. deposition: gas - solid

1. d= m/v
2. v = m/d
3. m = d * v

1. specific latent heat of fusion
   1. --->

      Nota:

      • Is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid
2. specific latent heat of vaporisation
   1. --->

      Nota:

      • is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of liquid into a gas.
3. e = m x l
   1. m = e/l
   2. l = e/m

1. straight lines = changing state
2. portrait line = increasing temperature

1. f= p /a
2. p = f x a
3. a = p / f

1. inflating

   Nota:

   • the particles have no where to go so they collide with the wall of the balloon to create an exit with a large pressure.
2. constant size

   Nota:

   • a balloon stays the same size because particles on the other side of the balloon are trying to enter balancing the amount of pressure exerted on the balloon
3. deflates

   Nota:

   • the particles find an exit and escape the balloon this decreases the pressure exerted on the balloon

1. pv = constant

1. best insulater = highest temperature in beaker
2. low temperature = heat into atmosphere
3. no insolation - so you can compare results

1. formula

   Nota:

   • Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature difference.
   1. objects heat capacity

      Nota:

      • copper = 390 j/kg oc water = 4200 j/kg oc
      • mass = 1 kg

1. elastic

   Nota:

   • stored in stretchy materials  e.g spring, elastic band elastic - gravitational potential
2. gravitational potential

   Nota:

   • The closer to the ground the less gravitational potential it has, e.g books, Gravitational - thermal when heated
3. magnetic

   Nota:

   • stored in a magnetic field, magnets
4. kinetic

   Nota:

   • affected by the objects mass and speed, e.g: bullet, plane, car
5. chemical

   Nota:

   • can be converted into other energy sources, e.g batteries, oil, coal, food
6. thermal

   Nota:

   • very hot, able to change an objects state, e.g lava
7. nuclear

   Nota:

   • is an energy found in nucleus' which is released when the atom splits, E.g: iranium, sun.

1. e.g sun: nuclear - thermal
2. e.g trampoline : elastic - kinetic

Nota:

• efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total imput energy transfer.

1. e = u.o / t.i
2. u.o = e x t.i
3. t.i = u.o / e

1. bio - fuel

   Nota:

   • Lower fuel prices, carbon neutral. Food shortages, fossil fuels needed for the fertilizer.
2. solar

   Nota:

   • small, portable, no pollution, renewable! depends on light intensity!
3. wind

   Nota:

   • low running costs, no pollution, renewable noisy, expensive, spoils view, depends on the wind!
4. hydroelectricity

   Nota:

   • Renewable, no pollution, no fuel costs, stored for when needed! expensive, large amount of land, ruin the environment! 
5. tidal

   Nota:

   • renewable, no pollution, reliable, cheap once built! expensive to build, can cause flooding, not strong enough waves!
6. Geothermal

   Nota:

   • renewable, no pollution, no environment damage! Expensive, few places were it works!
7. wave power

   Nota:

   • renewable, no pollution, uses lots of energy, expensive,
8. produce no pollution

1. oil
2. coal
3. gas
4. nuclear
5. heating, transport, electricity
6. cheap, reliable, concentrated
7. limited, produces greenhouse gasses

1. v= velocity
   1. m/s
2. m= mass
   1. kg
3. Ek = kinetic energy
   1. j
4. m=ke/0.5 * v2
5. v2 = ke/ m*0.5

1. j

1. kg

1. m

1. n/kg

1. w

1. m

1. n

1. seconds