The Making of the Revolution AS 1881-1905

Russia before 1881
Triumph of reaction - the reign of Alex III 1881-1894
1. Alex III problems
  1. Ethnic groups
  2. Westernisation of Russia - WESTERNERS
  3. Russia = autocratic & dominated by Russians = SLAVOPHILES
2. Repression + Reaction
  1. Moderates- Liberals (freedom of press + national parliament elected by educated and wealthy)
  2. Nihilists- People's Will (destroy Tsar rule)
  3. Alex III Manifesto = absolute political power to Tsar
  4. Prevent the spread of Radical + Liberal ideas - PRESS RESTRICTION
  5. Increased Central Control
  6. Russification
  7. Financial reform
  8. Okhrana
Economic and social change- the age Witte
1. Emancipation of Serfs
2. The 'Great Spurt' under Witte 1892-1903
  1. Witte's aim: make Russia strong enough to maintain its position as s Great Power
    1. Russia didn't posses several factors needed for rapid industrialisation in other Western countries
      1. Small business class
      2. Peasants didn't have complete freedom = limited migration of workers to cities to swell workforce needed for new manufacturing industries.
      3. Didn't have sufficient funds for industrial development
    2. Witte System
      1. Economic development = sponsored & directed by gov
        Gov = emphasis on capital goods (steel, iron, coal & machinery)
        Economic development = financed from abroad
      2. Centre piece = railway
        7000km across Empire- From St Petersburg to Vladistock = provide communication system needed to exploit economic potential of Siberia.
      3. Impact of Witte System

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The Making of the Revolution AS 1881-1905

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