This poem is concerned with natural and
spontaneous expression through song or
poetry, such as the song of the
'nightingale'. Poetry provides outlet for
the Speaker's emotions.
Memory and forgetfulness
Memory is a sustaining force. In Song forgetfulness is the axis upon which
the poem is rooted. This hints at the notion that identity is founded upon
memory and that self-awareness is constructed by the remembrance of a
former self.
Earthly life and 'life after life'
The images of natural growth in Song can be seen to replace the grief that the
speaker anticipates her lover will experience after she has died.
Imagery and symbolism
Natural imagery
The Speaker requests
that the lover plant 'no
roses' on her grave and
no 'shady cypress tree' in
her memory.
Whilst roses represent love, the cypress tree
traditionally symbolises mourning because
cypress branches were carried at funerals.
By declaring that she has no need
of these things, the speaker
reassures the lover that she will
not be jealous or resentful if the
lover continues living his life
rather than to mourn for the
speaker.
Silence
In the second verse, the
speaker claims that once
dead she will no longer
"hear the nightingale sing
on, as if in pain."
The nightingale was a common
symbol in Romantic poetry.
Keats used it in Ode to a Nightingale to speak of joy,
music, self-expression, nature and immortality.
By suggesting that the nightingale's
song is associated with pain, Rossetti
denies the idea that the natural world
is a place of pure joy.
Twilight
The Speaker looks forward to
"dreaming through the twilight
that doth not rise or set"
The notion of resting in a place where the
rising and setting of the sun is not
necessary comes from the New Testament
book, Revelation. There, John describes
Heaven as a city where God's light shines so
brightly the sun is not needed Revelation
21:23.
Synopsis and commentary
The Speaker of Song looks forward to his/her
own death and instructs a lover or friend not to
mourn or sing 'sad songs' once s/he is gone.
Publication
Rossetti composed Song in 1848. It was
first published in Goblin Market and
Other Poems. Subsequently, it has
appeared in various collections and has
been given numerous musical settings.
Language and music
Rossetti's interest in combining language with music becomes apparent when we consider that:
Ten of her poems are entitled Song
Several begin with the word 'Songs'
Many are composed of a song-like structure and rhythm.
Relationships
In Song, the Speaker urges her 'dearest' not to let the memory
of the Speaker get in the way of living his own life. She declares
that her happiness in death does not depend on anyone else.
The word 'haply' comes from the phrase 'by hap' which means by
chance or accident or perhaps. But saying that once dead. She
indicates that it matters little whether others remember or
forget the speaker. Rather than being a pre-mediated decision,
she suggests that remembrance is a matter of chance.
Nature
In Song, Rossetti has her speaker combine the
anticipation of death with the ongoing life of nature.
She's looks forward to a time when the 'green grass'
will grow above her and the 'showers and dewdrops
wet' will offer protection and the lover some comfort.