Heart Disease

a. BP 145/,98 cholesterol 5.5 mmol/L, renin 1.0 pmol/L, noradrenalin 490 nmol/24hr

b. BP 170/100, cholesterol 7.9 mmol/L, renin 1.4 pmol/L, noradrenalin 590 nmol/24hr

c. BP 160/105, cholesterol 6.8 mmol/L, renin 1.9 pmol/L, noradrenalin 570 nmol/24hr

d. BP 165/110, cholesterol 4.8 mmol/L, renin 2.8 pmol/L, noradrenalin 540 nmol/24hr

e. BP 150/100, cholesterol 7.8 mmol/L, renin 2.3 pmol/L, noradrenalin 550 nmol/24hr

a. Breaks down the cholesterol with the help of enzymes

b. Deposits cholesterol onto the walls of vessels

c. Transports cholesterol to the liver

d. HDL does not remove cholesterol from the body

e. Transports cholesterol to the kidney for removal

a. Age greater than 50, family history of heart disease, low LDL.

b. Hypertension, elevated catecholamine's, sedatory life style.

c. Smoking, hypertension, elevated creatinine

d. Family history of heart disease, smoking, high cholesterol

e. High cholesterol, smoking, elevated HDL

a. Pumping capacity

b. Location and extent of tissue damage

c. Heart shape and size

d. Heart valve abnormalities

e. All of the above

a. Ca++ channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers

b. Thiazide diuretics and alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists.

c. Beta adrenoceptor antagonists and Ca++ channel blockers

d. Angiotensin receptor blockers and cholinergic receptor antagonists

e. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and thiazide diuretics

a. When performing an angiogram a contrast media is added to the blood to make the coronary vessels visible on X-rays.

b. The angiogram can often give false negative results.

c. An angiogram is an echocardiogram image of the coronary blood vessels.

d. When an angiogram is performed a catheter inserted into the carotid artery to access the heart.

e. An angiogram uses radioactive traces to map the blood vessels of the heart.

a. Many arteries are blocked

b. The blockages are relatively long

c. When the blocked vessels are relatively small

d. When the blocked vessels are difficult to access

e. All of the above are correct

a. Myocardial ischemia

b. Hypokalaemia

c. Hypercalcemia

d. Acute myocardial infarction

e. All of the above

a. Refers to imaging of the coronary vessels with a surgical plastic catheter.

b. Inflating a blocked coronary vessel with a balloon catheter.

c. Removing plaque from a blocked coronary vessel.

d. Replacement of a blocked coronary vessel with a plastic surgical tube.

e. Bypassing a blocked coronary vessel with a plastic surgical tube.

a. A score calculated from a questionnaire regarding the amount of calcium in a person's diet.

b. A score calculated from the level of calcium in a person's blood test to assess the risk of coronary disease.

c. A score calculated from an echocardiogram to assess the risk of coronary disease.

d. A score calculated from computer tomography scans of the heart to estimate calcium deposits on coronary blood vessels.

e. A score calculated from a) and b) above to assess the risk of coronary artery disease.