Michael Jardine
Test por , creado hace más de 1 año

Overview: - Overview of metastasis - Define each of the general stages of metastasis - Provide some examples of genes involved in each stage - Different metastasis models - Examples of therapeutic options

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Michael Jardine
Creado por Michael Jardine hace más de 6 años
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PHSI3012 03-1 Metastasis

Pregunta 1 de 12

7

The 9 stages of metastasis are:
1 - Primary tumour formation;
2 - ;
3 - ;
4 - ;
5 - ;
6 - ;
7 - ;
8 - ;
9 - Clinically detectable macroscopic metastases.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Local invasion
    Intravasation
    Survival in the circulation
    Arrest at a distant organ site
    Extravasation
    Micrometastasis formation
    Metastatic colonisation

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 12

1

Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of BREAST CARCINOMA is generally

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Years to decades

  • Months

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 12

1

Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of COLORECTAL CARCINOMA is generally

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Years to decades

  • Months

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 12

1

Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA is generally

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Months

  • Years to decades

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 12

1

Does stiffening of the ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM) promote or inhibit tumourigenesis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Promote

  • Inhibit

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 12

1

True or false:
MMPs (Matrix MetalloProteinases) play a role in Intravasation.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 12

1

Angiopoietin-like 4 ("ANGPTL4") is involved in:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Extravasation

  • Intravasation

  • Both of the above

  • [none of the above]

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 12

2

The "Cell-of-Origin" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Normal epithelial cell (already has activated metastasis virulence genes due to its normal cellular differentiation program) > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 12

2

The "Partial-Competence" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 12

2

The "Stochastic" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 12

2

The "Tumour Self-seeding" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 12

2

The "Parallel Progression" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explicación

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