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Thorax

	Creado por M Z hace más de 8 años

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Anatomy module 2

Por favor espera - en proceso…

Pregunta 1 de 61

From superficial to deep, list the layers of the thoracic wall:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Epidermis + dermis

Hypodermis

Deep fascia

Ribs (muscle, nerves, BV, LV)

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Pericardium

Lung

Pleural fluid

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label features of the rib.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the features of the rib.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 61

The ❌ of the 6th rib articulates with the ❌ of the transverse process of the ❌ vertebrae.
The articular facets on the ❌ of the 6th rib articulates with the ❌ of the ❌ vertebra.
The ❌ of the rib articulates with the site where the ❌ would be located.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

tubercular facet

costal facet

head

neck

body

5th and 6th

6th

5th

crest on the head

intervertebral disc

intervertebral space

vertebral body

lamina

pedicle

spinous process

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

From superficial to deep, the costal joint with vertebral body contains:
, , .
The transverse process of the vertebrae and the tubercular facet of the rib forms a .
The connects the transverse process of the previous vertebrae to the subsequent rib.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

True ribs are I - VI
Floating ribs are XI - XII
False ribs have no anterior articulation, their cartilaginous tips end in the musculature of the thoracic body wall.
The costal margin is formed by ribs VII - X and the xiphoid process.
The false ribs are VIII - XII

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 61

What is TRUE regarding the cervical rib?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

It is present in 5% of the population.
It articulates with the 7th cervical vertebrae, always bilaterally.
A cervical rib can result in thoracic outlet syndrome.
None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label parts of the sternum.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the sternum diagram. For the dots on the right, write the number of the articulating ribs.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 61

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The sternal angle is an important clinical landmark, because it is the reference point from which you measure the height of the .

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The spaces between the ribs are called intercostal spaces.
The space superior to the 8th rib is called the 8th intercostal space.
The 5th intercostal space is important because that's where the apex of the heart is located.
The space inferior to the 6th rib is the 6th intercostal space.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The superior thoracic aperture is formed from the first thoracic vertebra and the first ribs.
The thoracic outlet is flexible to accommodate all the viscera that needs to pass through.
The thoracic outlet contains the apices of the right and left lungs, great vessels, lympathics.
The thoracic outlet contains the trachea, the esophagus, and major nerves.
Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs only when the there is a cervical rib.
Vascular symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome include a pale, swollen, cold, and/or aching upper limb.
Neurological signs of thoracic outlet syndrome shows exclusively with weakness and wasting of muscles on the hand.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The inferior thoracic aperture is defined by the , the , the , the and the .
It is the origin of the thoracic .

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 61

The ❌ rami of thoracic spinal nerves continue between adjacent ribs as the ❌.
The ventral ramus of the T12 spinal nerve is called the ❌, it runs ❌ to the 12th rib.
❌ - T12 nerves enter the ❌ and contribute to its innervation.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

ventral

dorsal

intercostal nerves

subcostal nerves

intervertebral nerves

subcostal nerve

intercostal nerve

inferiorly

superiorly

abdominal wall

chest wall

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the correct parts of the superior mediastinum.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label parts of the superior mediastinum

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 61

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The superior vena cava returns venous blood to the of the heart.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label branches of the aortic arch.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the blood vessels.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the blood vessels.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

From superficial to deep, the three layers of intercostal muscles are: , , and .

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 61

What is TRUE regarding the intercostal space?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Intercostal muscles do not move in order to keep the ribs in place.
The intercostal neurovascular bundles are located between external and internal intercostal muscles.
The intercostal neurovascular bundles disappear behind the innermost intercostal muscles as they pass anteriorly around the thoracic body wall.
None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 61

Haz click en el botón naranja y escribe tu respuesta.

Label the structure pinned.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the structure (at the pin).

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 61

Haz click en el botón naranja y escribe tu respuesta.

Label the structure on the probe.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The thoracic aorta has two types of branches:
branches are the , they supply the thickness of the chest wall;
branches supply the , , and the .

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 61

On the right side, the venous blood travel from the ❌ to the ❌.
On the left side, the venous blood travel from the posterior intercostal vein to the ❌ and ❌, then to ❌.
From the ❌ the blood drains into the ❌, and eventually to the ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

posterior intercostal vein

anterior intercostal vein

azygous vein

hemiazygous vein

accessory hemizaygous vein

the azygous vein

the hemizygous vein

the accessory hemiazygous vein

azygous vein,

hemiazygous vein,

left brachiocephalic vein,

left internal jugular vein,

right brachiocephalic vein

right subclavian vein

right internal jugular vein

left brachiocephalic vein

left internal jugular vein

superior vena cava

right atrium of the heart

left atrium of the heart

right ventricle of the heat

left ventricle of the heart

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 61

Haz click en el botón naranja y escribe tu respuesta.

Label the structure on the probe.

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the structures.

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the structures.

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The anterior intercostal arteries arise from , which are from .
The anterior intercostal veins drains into , then , and then unite to form the .
The anterior and posterior vasculature form in the at the midclavicular line.

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 61

Select the INCORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Interstitial fluid is formed from blood plasma.
All of the interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillaries to become lymph.
Lymph vessels open into lymph nodes, which cleanses lymph of foreign elements and transformed cells.
Cleansed lymph is excreted through the kidney.
All statements are correct.

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 61

Posteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into ❌, and then into the ❌.
Anteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into the ❌, and then into the ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

intercostal lymph nodes

internal thoracic lymph nodes

thoracic duct

brachiocephalic duct

parasternal lymph nodes

internal lymph nodes

thoracic lymph nodes

bronchomediastinal trunk

subclavian trunk

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Posteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into , and then into the .
Anteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into the , and then into the .
In either case, lymph ultimately drains into venous blood at the right and left .

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 61

Select the CORRECT statements regarding lymphatic drainage.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Roughly 75% of the lymph draining from the breast passes superolaterally through axillary and subclavicular nodes to enter the brachiocephalic trunks.
The remaining lymph drains medially into the parasternal nodes, then enters the bronchomediastinal drunks.
A smaller portion drains inferiorly into abdominal and superficial inguinal nodes.
Breast cancer can only be spread by lymph superolaterally.
Tumour cells cannot travel from one breast to another.

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Lymph drainage from the breast can be classified into three directions:
superolaterally through and nodes, enters the ;
medially into the nodes, enters the ;
inferiorly into and nodes.

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 61

Sympathetic output for all body targets arises from the spinal cord segments T1 and ❌.
Sympathetic output for thoracic viscera is restricted to ❌ to ❌ spinal levels.
Preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord via the ❌ and ❌, then travel via a ❌ to a ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

T10

T11

T12

ventral root

dorsal root

spinal nerve

ramus communicans

sympathetic chain ganglion

ventral rootlet

dorsal rootlet

sympathetic chain

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 61

Sympathetic innervation of the thoracic viscera is the same as that of the body wall and limbs.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Parasympathetic output arises from the , and .
Thoracic viscera receive parasympathetic pre-ganglionic output from the .

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to viscera overlap in as they approach their target organs. Examples include the , , and .

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 61

Haz click en el botón naranja y escribe tu respuesta.

Label the structure on the probe.

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the structures.

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the .
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the .

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 61

Haz click en el botón naranja y escribe tu respuesta.

Label the structure below.

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 61

What is INCORRECT about the pleural cavity?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The visceral pleura and the parietal pleura differ in that the visceral pleura is covered by a serous membrane, while the parietal pleura is fibrous.
The two pleural cavities are separated by the mediastinum.
The pleura produces pleural fluid that act as a lubricant for the lungs to move in a friction-free manner.
None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label parts of the lung.

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 61

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Collectively, the structures in the hilum of the lung that are bound together by connective tissues is called the .

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 61

Choose the INCORRECT statement(s) regarding pleural effusion.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

In pleural effusion, excess fluid accumulates in the pleural space.
The lung volume increases due to build up of fluid.
To analyze the underlying cause of the pleural effusion, an X-ray can be taken.
Fluid accumulates in the lowest part of the chest in response to gravity.

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The diaphragm originates from the .
It is defined by five structures: vertebra, the ribs, the , and the .

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 61

What is TRUE regarding the diaphragm?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The posterior attachment of the diaphragm to the T12 vertebra and ribs is significantly superior to its anterior attachment to the xiphisternal joint.
The fibers of the diaphragm are organized radially, and insert into the contractile central tendon.
When the muscle fibres contract, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.
None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

There are three main openings in the diaphragm:
for the interior vena cava, at vertebral level ;
for the esophagus, at vertebral level ;
for the thoracic/abdominal aorta, at vertebral level .

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 61

The diaphragm is innervated primarily by the ❌, formed from the ❌ primary rami of the ❌, ❌, and ❌ spinal nerves.
Both the vegus and phrenic nerve descend in the neck and pass into the thorax via the ❌.
The phrenic nerves run along the lateral aspect of the ❌, deep to the ❌, ❌ to the root of the lung.
The vagus nerves pass ❌ to the root of the lung.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

phrenic nerves

vagus nerves

ventral

dorsal

thoracic inlet

inferior thoracic aperture

mediastinal parietal pleura

mediastinum

posterior

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s) regarding innervation of the diaphragm.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The phrenic nerve contains parasympathetic but not sympathetic postganglionic fibres.
The cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons from the phrenic nerve are located in the C3-C5 segments of the spinal cord.
The sensory fibres are responsible for the diaphragm, the serous coverings, mediastinal parietal pleura, and the pericardial sac.
Pain on the shoulder may be pain originating from the diaphragm because C3 - C5 spinal levels also receive sensory afferents from the corresponding dermatome.

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the subdivisions of the mediastinum.

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 61

The superior mediastinum extends from the ❌ to a horizontal plane passing through the ❌ and the intervertebral disc between the ❌ and ❌ vertebrae.
The middle mediastinum consists of the ❌.
The anterior mediastinum is the region between the ❌ and the ❌.
The posterior mediastinum is the region between the pericardial sac and the ❌ vertebrae.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

superior thoracic aperture

inferior thoracic aperture

sternal angle

jugular notch

pericardial sac and its contents

pleural cavities

sternum

manubrium

pericardial sac

visceral pleura

T5 - T12

S1 - S5

L1 - L5

T1 - 5

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 61

The bulk of the thymus gland is located in the ❌, ❌ to the ❌ of the sternum, but it can extend ❌ into the ❌.
It is involved in the development of ❌, largest during ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

superior mediastinum

inferior mediastinum

posterior mediastinum

middle mediastinum

posterior

manubrium

body

xiphoid process

inferiorly

superiorly

anterior mediastinum

the immune system

senescence

puberty

children and adolescents

the elderly

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the layers of pericardial sac.

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 61

What is TRUE regarding the pericardium?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The visceral pericardium is completely separated from the parietal pericardium.
The fibrous pericardium becomes continuous with the outermost connective tissue layer of the great vessels (tunica adventitia).
The fibrous layer and the serous layer of the pericardium are two distinctive separated layers.
None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The apex of the heart is pointed , , and to the . The base is .
The pyramid rests on its surface, its surface faces the sternum, and has a right and left surface.

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label parts of the heart (for dots around the heart, write the corresponding surface).

Explicación

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Thorax

Anatomy module 2

Anatomy module 2

Pregunta 1 de 61

From superficial to deep, list the layers of the thoracic wall: 1. ❌ 2. ❌ 3. ❌ 4. ❌ 5. ❌ 6. ❌ 7. ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label features of the rib.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the features of the rib.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 61

The ❌ of the 6th rib articulates with the ❌ of the transverse process of the ❌ vertebrae. The articular facets on the ❌ of the 6th rib articulates with the ❌ of the ❌ vertebra. The ❌ of the rib articulates with the site where the ❌ would be located.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

From superficial to deep, the costal joint with vertebral body contains: , , . The transverse process of the vertebrae and the tubercular facet of the rib forms a . The connects the transverse process of the previous vertebrae to the subsequent rib.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 61

What is TRUE regarding the cervical rib?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label parts of the sternum.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the sternum diagram. For the dots on the right, write the number of the articulating ribs.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 61

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The sternal angle is an important clinical landmark, because it is the reference point from which you measure the height of the .

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 61

Choose the CORRECT statement(s).

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 61

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The inferior thoracic aperture is defined by the , the , the , the and the . It is the origin of the thoracic .

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 61

The ❌ rami of thoracic spinal nerves continue between adjacent ribs as the ❌. The ventral ramus of the T12 spinal nerve is called the ❌, it runs ❌ to the 12th rib. ❌ - T12 nerves enter the ❌ and contribute to its innervation.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the correct parts of the superior mediastinum.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label parts of the superior mediastinum

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 61

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The superior vena cava returns venous blood to the of the heart.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label branches of the aortic arch.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 61

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Label the blood vessels.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 61

From superficial to deep, list the layers of the thoracic wall:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌

The ❌ of the 6th rib articulates with the ❌ of the transverse process of the ❌ vertebrae.
The articular facets on the ❌ of the 6th rib articulates with the ❌ of the ❌ vertebra.
The ❌ of the rib articulates with the site where the ❌ would be located.

From superficial to deep, the costal joint with vertebral body contains:
, , .
The transverse process of the vertebrae and the tubercular facet of the rib forms a .
The connects the transverse process of the previous vertebrae to the subsequent rib.

The inferior thoracic aperture is defined by the , the , the , the and the .
It is the origin of the thoracic .

The ❌ rami of thoracic spinal nerves continue between adjacent ribs as the ❌.
The ventral ramus of the T12 spinal nerve is called the ❌, it runs ❌ to the 12th rib.
❌ - T12 nerves enter the ❌ and contribute to its innervation.

The thoracic aorta has two types of branches:
branches are the , they supply the thickness of the chest wall;
branches supply the , , and the .

On the right side, the venous blood travel from the ❌ to the ❌.
On the left side, the venous blood travel from the posterior intercostal vein to the ❌ and ❌, then to ❌.
From the ❌ the blood drains into the ❌, and eventually to the ❌.

The anterior intercostal arteries arise from , which are from .
The anterior intercostal veins drains into , then , and then unite to form the .
The anterior and posterior vasculature form in the at the midclavicular line.

Posteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into ❌, and then into the ❌.
Anteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into the ❌, and then into the ❌.

Posteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into , and then into the .
Anteriorly, lymph from the chest wall drains into the , and then into the .
In either case, lymph ultimately drains into venous blood at the right and left .

Lymph drainage from the breast can be classified into three directions:
superolaterally through and nodes, enters the ;
medially into the nodes, enters the ;
inferiorly into and nodes.