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Creado por Anna Hogarth
hace más de 8 años
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What are the three different kinds of glucose transporter?
Which enzymes are responsible for converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate? Why is this important?
How is glucokinase regulated?
What are the important steps of glycolysis? (ATP, NADH, reversible by gluconeogenesis)
What are the net products of glycolysis?
What is produced by the TCA cycle? State the steps from which the products come from.
How many ATP molecules are produced by the ETC? What therefore is the total amount of ATP produced by aerobic glycolysis? What is the other product produced by aerobic glycolysis?
What are the four components of the ETC? Which one makes the smallest increase in redox potential? How are ROS produced? Where do cyanide and CO act?
Where do fructose, glycerol and substances from the pentose pathway enter glycolysis?
What is the function of the pentose pathway?
What are the steps in glycogen synthesis?
Overall structure of glycogen?
Which enzymes regulate glycogen synthase?
What are the steps in glycogenolysis?
How is glycogenolysis regulated?
What are the steps of fat (TAG) metabolism?
Other than HSL, what can breakdown triacylglycerol?
What are the steps in the fatty acid to B oxidation (include carnitine shuttle).
Where doesn't fatty acid oxidation occur?
What regulates CPT1?
What can acetyl-CoA from fatty acid breakdown be used for? Why isn't is used in the TCA cycle/aerobic metabolism?
How are amino acids used for energy?
What happens in anaerobic respiration? What has to occur to prevent aerobic being attempted? What is the cori cycle?
What are the three enzymes involved in converting pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis?
What happens to metabolism in the fed state (high BG)?
What happens during low blood sugar (glucagon)?
What happens during starvation?
What are the steps in ketogenesis?
How is ketogenesis regulated?
Why do ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis increase in diabetes? (why can diabetics who aren't consuming glucose become hyperglycaemic?)
What are the two different types of muscle fibre?
What happens to respiration short term exercise?
How do calcium, AMP and AMPK regulate short term exercise?
How is pyruvate decarboxylase regulated?
What happens during endurance exercise?
Why do athletes carb load and increase vitamin B intake before endurance exercise?
What happens during hypoxia?
In fatty acid synthesis how is acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulated? (Fatty acid synthesis)
Why do immune cells need products of amino acid break down (TCA top ups)? Products of the pentose phosphate pathway?
What is unique about cancer cell metabolism? What do cancer cells need from amino acids?
What are the steps of alcohol metabolism? How does fatty liver occur?
What is disulfiram (antabuse)?
Consider how the following are regulated:
PDC?
PC?
Glycogen synthase?
Hexokinase?
PFK1?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
CPT1?
What effect on metabolism do the following have?
Ca2+? (3)
AMPK? (2)
AMP?
Glucagon?
Insulin?
What four things cause muscle fatigue?
