Compendium 7 - How do we get rid of toxic wastes?

Pregunta 1 de 50

1

Select Four organs of the urinary system

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Bladder
Kidneys
Ureter
Urethra
Vagina
Esophagus

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 50

1

Select the Three main functions of the kidneys

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Removal of toxic waste

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 50

1

Describe the location of the Kidneys

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity
anterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 50

1

The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 50

1

The right kidney is located slightly more superior than the left kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 50

1

Identify the external structural layers of the Kidney:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

• renal capsule - immediate lining covering the renal tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• renal capsule - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - immediate lining covering the renal tissue

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 50

1

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The Four parts of the nephron are:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Renal corpuscle
• Renal bowmans capsule

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 50

1

Describe the three processes necessary for urine formation.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the PCT and DCT

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 50

1

Describe the components that make up the urinary process

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.
Filtration occurs in the renal capsule, which consists of the glomerulus and renal corpuscle.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 50

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Reabsorption from the filtrate is a two-step process. Referring to Figure 9.2, the two steps are:
( (1), (2) ) Movement of the filtrate into the cells lining the nephron through the apical surface of the cell or
the apical membrane.
( (2), (1) ) Then from these cells into the blood through the basal surface of the cell or basal membrane.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 50

1

Which one of the following structures is known as the ‘functional unit of the kidney’?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a. the renal corpuscle
b. the glomerulus
c. the nephron
d. the renal pyramids

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 50

1

Which one of the following structures is considered to be a part of the nephron?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a. the glomerulus
b. ureter
c. collecting duct
d. renal pelvis

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 50

1

Which one of the following substances would you expect to find in the filtrate of a healthy
individual?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a. red blood cells
b. sodium ions
c. large proteins
d. white blood cells

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 50

1

Which one of the following substances would be normally re-absorbed into the kidney
tubules?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

glucose
ammonia
large proteins
red blood cells

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 50

1

Which hormone promotes water retention in the body?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

aquaporin hormone
thyrotropin hormone
oxytocin hormone
anti-diuretic hormone

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 50

1

What is the name of the muscle found in the wall of the bladder?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

cardiac
skeletal
fast twitch
detrusor

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 50

1

What is the name of the reflex that controls urination?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

sympathetic
micturition
baroreceptor
parasympathetic

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 50

1

Nephron Diagram:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌

The two parts of the renal corpuscle
are:
1. ❌
2. ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Cortex of kidney

Medulla of kidney

Glomerulus (1st)

Glomerular capsule (2nd)

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 50

1

What type of nephron is nephron A?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Juxtamedullary
Cortical

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 50

1

What type of nephron is nephron B?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Cortical
Juxtamedullary

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 50

1

Juxtamedullary: There are two types of nephrons: Superficial cortical nephrons, which have their glomeruli in the outer cortex. They have shorter loops of Henle, which dip only into the outer medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons, which have their glomeruli near the corticomedullary border.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 50

1

Creatinine: A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 50

1

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The parts of the nephron are:
• Renal corpuscle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 50

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the ( glomerulus, loop of henle ) and ( Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubules ).

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 50

1

Filtration:
Filtration occurs in the ❌, which consists of the ❌ and ❌. ❌ enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and ❌ in the blood are pushed through the glomerular ❌ and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the ❌. This solution is called ❌ and a small amount of it will eventually become ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

renal corpuscle

Bowman’s capsule

Blood

urine

solutes

capillary wall

tubule

filtrate

glomerulus (1st)

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 50

1

Tubular re-absorption:
Re-absorption is the return of water and solutes to the blood following filtration. The filtrate flows
through the proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules and then to the
collecting ducts. As the filtrate moves through the nephron, much of it is reabsorbed from the
nephron to the blood stream via processes such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport, symport and osmosis.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are secreted into the filtrate from the blood. Tubular secretion can be active or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays an important role in the regulation of the pH of the blood.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are ❌ into the filtrate from the ❌. Tubular
❌ can be ❌ or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays
an important role in the regulation of the ❌ of the blood.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

secreted

blood

secretion

active

pH

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 50

1

Sodium-potassium exchange pump is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Active
Passive

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 50

1

Which molecule is moving with Na+ during co-transport (piggy backing)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Glucose
Fructose

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 50

1

Anti Port - Which molecule is moving with Na+?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Ca2+
K+

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 50

1

Anti-port: Is Na+ and Ca2+ moving in the same direction or in opposite directions?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Opposite
Same direction

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 50

1

Facilitated diffusion is the mechanism by which glucose moves out of the nephron cell in to the blood

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 50

1

Describe the structure and function of the special carrier molecule

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Protein imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.
Lipid imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 50

1

Name two molecules that move across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Fructose
Amino acids
Glucose

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion moving the molecule up or down its concentration gradient?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Down its concentration gradient. From high to low concentration.
Up its concentration gradient. From low to high concentration.

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion an active or passive process?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Diffusion is passive – it does not require energy (ATP).
Diffusion is active – it does require energy (ATP).

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 50

1

Is glucose moving from the filtrate to the blood, or from the blood to the filtrate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Glucose is moving from the filtrate to the blood. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP
Glucose is moving from the blood to the filtrate. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 50

1

The glomerular capsule is also known as the Bowman’s capsule

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 50

1

The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular capsule.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 50

1

Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of the ❌ (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular ❌.
The glomerular capsule is also known as the ❌. Blood enters the ❌
(the first part of the nephron) via the ❌ arteriole. When the blood passes through the bed of
capillaries in the renal corpuscle, fluid leaves the ❌ and becomes ❌. This is the first
stage of ❌ formation. This filtrate then enters into the glomerular capsule and flows directly into
the ❌, where tubular ❌ begins. Blood that comes in via the
afferent arteriole leaves via the efferent arteriole to return to the body’s ❌ ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

glomerulus

capsule

Bowman’s capsule

renal corpuscle

afferent

filtrate

capillary

urine

proximal convoluted tubule

reabsorption

supply

blood

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 50

1

❌ - Holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

❌ - Found in between the endothelial cells and the podocytes

❌ - Spaces between the podocyte cell processes

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Fenestrae of capillaries

Basement membrane

Filtration slits

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 50

1

Fenestrae of capillaries - Window-like holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 50

1

• The nephron higher in the cortex is called a ❌.
• The nephron that is lower in the cortex with a long Loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla is a ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

cortical nephron

juxtamedullary nephron (juxta = near)

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 50

1

❌ : Main area for reabsorption of water (80%) 100% reabsorption of amino acids and sugars

❌ : Controlled secretion of wastes, toxin, excess ions. Alters concentration of urine by varying water reabsorption

❌ : Reabsorbs ions and water.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 50

1

The distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron. What is the name of the segment following the distal convoluted tubule?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Collecting duct
Advancing duct

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 50

1

The bladder is a hollow structure that stores urine. What volume of urine do you think the bladder usually holds?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

up to 1 L
up to 1.5 L

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 50

1

Carrier molecules are usually proteins bound to a non-protein group

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 50

1

In the cell, examples of molecules that must use facilitated diffusion to move in and out of the cell membrane are glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions. They pass using carrier proteins through the cell membrane without energy along the concentration gradient.

	Creado por Jessica Bulley hace alrededor de 6 años