With reference to carbohydrates explain the difference between a CONDENSATION reaction and HYDROLYSIS

State whether these carbohydrates are mono-, di- or polysaccharides and give each their role in living organisms. State whether each occurs in plants, animals or both: lactose, cellulose, glucose, glycogen

What is are ISOMERS?

What does POLAR mean?

Name the products formed and the type of bond that is broken when a triglyceride is broken down

Suggest why parts of organisms that move, such as seeds, use lipids as an energy store rather than crabohydrates

What is meant by metabolic water?

What is HYDROPHOBIC?

What is HYDROPHILIC?

State two differences between a triglyceride and a phospholipid

Which end of the phospholipid molecule lies to the outside of the membrane?

State through which part of the membrane each of the following passes in order to enter or leave a cell
1) Sodium ion
2) A lipid soluble molecule

List the four bonds present in the tertiary structure of a protein

Classify the following proteins as fibrous or globular: insulin, collagen, keratin, lysozyme (enzyme)

Why is water described as a polar molecule?

State the properties of water which allow the following:
How are insects able to walk on water?
How are fish able to live in a frozen pond?
Why does sweating keep us cool?

Why are the following properties of water important to living organisms?
1) It is a universal solvent
2) It is transparent

What are the two major components of a virus?

What does EXOCYTOSIS mean?

What does PHAGOCYTOSIS mean?

The following are functions of different organelles. Name the organelle in each case:
1) Protein synthesis
2) Producing glycoproteins
3) Producing ATP
4) Produces ribosomes

Name the organelle in each case that possesses the following structures:
1) Cristae
2) Thylakoids
3) Cisternae

What is a CENTRIOLE?

What is PLASMODESMATA?

List three features present in a plant cell, not found in an animal cell

State which of the following is a cell, tissue or organ
Kidney, Epithelium, Muscle, Sperm

What does BIMOLECULAR mean?

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic proteins found in the cell membrane?

Glucose is water soluble and vitamin A is fat soluble. They both enter a cell by passing across the membrane. Explain how the properties of the molecules and the structure of the membrane determine the way in which these two substances pass across

State two features of the membrane that increase the rate of diffusion

Explain how an increase in temperature affects the rate of diffusion

How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion

State one similarity and one difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport

Name two processes that involve active transport