how are electrons arranged in an atom?

Is the electron a particle, a wave or a cloud of charge?

what is the atomic number?

what is an isotope?

why do different isotopes of the same element react chemically in exactly the same way?

name a use for radioactive isotopes?

what does a mass spectrometer measure?

What are the five main stages in a mass spectrometer?

why is the instrument kept under high vacuum?

why is the sample vaporised?

what happens during ionisation?

why is the sample ionised?

what happens during acceleration?

what happens during deflection?

how are the ions detected?

what are doubly charged ions?

what is electron spin?

what are the three rules for allocating electrons to atomic orbitals?

Why is the 4s orbital filled before the 3d orbital?

What is the definition of ionisation energy?

Why is the second ionisation energy of an atom greater than the first?

why is there a drop in ionisation energy between group 2 and 3?

Why is there a drop in ionisation between group 5 and 6?