Mark the common feature between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Shape of DNA
Number of chromosomes
A prokaryotic cell is similar to a eukaryotic organelle
Cell wall
Peptidoglycan
The largest bacteria which can be visible by unaided eye is_______
Thiomargarita namibiensis
Lactobacillus
Mycoplasma
Pseudomonas
Which of the following is NOT bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Methanogens
Hyperthermophiles
Bacteria and gives energy to cell
Archaea and gives energy to cell
Bacteria and gives strength to structure
Archaea and gives strength to structure
Bacteria and assists with growth
Which of the following is NOT the basic shape of the bacteria?
Rod shape
Square shape
Comma shape
Spiral shape
Which of the following organisms have thick peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
Gram-negative bacteria
Yeast
Moulds
Prion
Each of the following statements concerning the Gram stain is correct except:
Escherichia coli stains pink because it has a thin peptidoglycan layer
Streptococcus pyogens stains blue because it has a thick peptidoglycan layer
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram’s stain because it does not have a cell wall
Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains blue because it has a thick lipid layer
Escherichia coli stains pink because it has a thick peptidoglycan layer
Which among the following are produced by microorganisms?
Fermented dairy products
Breads
Alcoholic beverages
All of the above
Type strain is used for referring to?
Species
Genus
Family
Division
The correct order of taxonomic groups from higher to lower rank is?
Kingdom—Order—Class—Family
Order—Class—Division—Family—Genus—Species
Kingdom—Order—Division—Family—Class—Genus—Species
Kingdom—Division—Class—Order—Family—Genus—Species
Order—genus—Class—Family—Division—Kingdom
What are ribosomes composed of?
Proteins
Proteins and DNA
DNA
RNA
Proteins and RNA
What is the correct order of staining reagents in Gram-Staining?
Crystal violet, alcohol, iodine solution, safranin
Crystal violet, iodine solution, safranin, alcohol
Crystal violet, iodine solution, alcohol, safranin
Crystal violet, safranin, alcohol, iodine solution
Iodine solution, crystal violet, alcohol, safranin
Which bacteria appears purple-violet colour after staining?
Gram-positive
Gram-negative
Niether
Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
Neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative
Which of the following are true for Gram-negative bacteria?
Upon alcohol treatment, the permeability of the cell wall increases
Crystal violet-iodine (CV-I) complex is extracted
Pore size decreases and the CV-I complex cannot be extracted
Alcohol treatment increases the permeability of the cell wall and the CV-I complex can be extracted
Upon alcohol treatment, the permeability of the cell wall decreases
Which of the staining technique helps in demonstrating spore structure in bacteria as well as free spores?
Acid-fast stain
Endospore stain
Capsule stain
Flagella stain
Blood stain
In Gram-staining, iodine is used as a______________
Fixative
Mordant
Solubilizer
unsolubilizer
Stain
Which of the following is the example of Gram-negative bacteria?
Eschericia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus subtilis
Peptidoglycan layer is present in large quantity in?
Algae
Fungi
Archaea
The outer membarane of the Gram-negative cell wall is anchored to the underlying peptidoglycan by means of which of the following?
Braun’s Lipoprotein
Sugars
Phospholipids
Lipopolysaccharide
The organisms which can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors are known as _________
Chemotrophs
Euryarchaeota
Organotrophs
Lithotrophs
Phototrophs
The organisms which obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donor are ________
Eukaryotes
Lichen
Crenarchaeota
Virus
Autotrophs are consumers. E.g. dogs, birds, fish and humans.
Halophiles thrive in high salt conditions
Psychrophiles thrive in high temperatures.
What is the conversion of carbon-containing molecules and nutrients into organic matter and uses oxidation of inorganic compounds as a source of energy?
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Protozoa
Binary Fission
Chemosythesis
Archaea are prokaryotes.
Which of the following are functions of water in the culture medium?
Nutrients must be in aqueous solution
Stable pH level
Cofactor of enzymes
Provides resistance to sudden transient temperature changes
It is a chemical reactant, nutrients must also be present in aqueous solution and provides resistance to sudden temperature changes.
Which of the following instrument is used for sterilizing the media after it has been prepared?
Autoclave
Distilled water
Laminar Air Flow Chamber
Inoculum Needle
Incubator
Colony formation can be observed in liquid media broth.
The temperature that allows for most rapid growth during a short period of time is known as __________.
Minimum Temperature
Optimum Temperature
Medium Temperature
Growth Temperature
Maximum Temperature
Mesophiles are group of bacteria that grow within the temperature range of?
Less than 0 degree Celsius
0-20 degree Celsius
25-40 degree Celsius
45-60 degree Celsius
More than 60 degree Celsius
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is which type of bacteria?
Psychrophile
Mesophile
Thermophile
Mesophile and psychrophile
Neutrophile
Microaerophilic bacteria require low levels of oxygen for growth.
Which of the following is a function of phosphates used in the preparation of media?
They act as buffer
Nothing
Source of phosphorous
Act as “reserve alkali”
They act as buffer and is a source of phosphorous
The optimum pH for the growth of most bacteria lies between_______
5 - 9
6.5 - 7.5
2 - 3.5
9 - 9.5
4 - 5
Growth of bacteria or microorganisms refer to __________________.
Glucose cello-logy
An increase in the size of an individual organism
An increase in the mass of an individual organism
Changes in the total population
An increase in number of cells
Transverse binary fission requires the formation of a crosswall(septum).
The synthesis of new membrane material during reproduction in Gram-positive cells is performed by which of the following organelles?
Nucleus
Mesosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosome
When septum formation occurs near the pole of cell then it results in the formation of daughter cell known as _________
Microcell
Macrocell
Minicell
Daughter cell
New cell
Which of the following does not occur during binary fission in bacteria?
Chromosome separation
Cell elongation
Cytokinesis
DNA duplication
Spindle formation
The portion of the growth curve where a rapid growth of bacteria is observed is known as ____________
Lag phase
Logarithmic phase
Stationary phase
Decline phase
Improvement phase
Lag phase is also known as ___________
Period of initial adjustment
Transitional period
Generation time
Period of rapid growth
Pausing
In which of the following phase secondary metabolites are produced during growth?
Log/Exponential phase
Death phase
Which of the following is an indirect method for measuring bacterial growth?
Cell count
Cell mass
Cell activity
Both Cell mass and Cell activity
Cell size
Isolation of pure culture refers to ___________
Purification of culture
Trapping all microorganisms
Introduction of inoculum
Separation of a single colony
To grow microorganisms on a surface
Enrichment media allows the growth of a large number of varied bacterial species
A large cluster of colonies are obtained in streak plate method.
The respiratory chain of bacteria is associated with the _____________
Mitochondrial membrane
Cytoplasm
Safranin will stain bacterial cells blue
Cocci is spherical shaped.
Protozoa is colourless
What does protozoa use to obtain nutrients?
Osmosis
Photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Passive transport
Fungi have a cell wall
Viruses of bacteria that can kill and lyse the bacteria they infect are called _________
Infections
Vaccination
Anti-microphile
Bacteriophage
Protozoa are eukaryotes
Whats made up of single types of protein subunits stacked around a central axis. (E.g. Tobacco mosaic virus.)
Polyhedral
Helical
Complex
Envelop
Spherical
What virus has a tail?
Adenovirus is an _______
Viruses are unicellular
Protein synthesis occurs in the Influenza life cycle.
Acidophile
pH 5 or below
pH 6 - 8
pH 9+
What cannot grow in the presence of oxygen
Strict aerobe
Strict anaerobe
Facultative anaerobes
Aero-tolerent anaerobes
Micro-aerophile
What grows better in the presence of oxygen, but will grow without it?
Aero-Tolerant anaerobes
What depends on oxygen to grow
Gram negative bacteria......
Which statement is wrong?
10% of cell wall is peptidoglycan
Contains teichoic acid
No outer membrane
Does not retain crystal violet
High lipid/lipoprotein content
Gram postive bacteria....
Which answer is wrong?
90% of cell wall is peptidoglycan
Contains teichoic
Retains crystal violet
Has outer membrane
The function of bacteria capsule is to _________
Link amino acids together in the order specified by mRNA.
Assit in attaching to other cells and surfaces.
Help bacteria move towards nutrients and away from toxic chemicals.
Keep bacterium from drying out and protects from phagocytosis.
Regulate passage of substances in and out of cell.
The function of bacteria pilli is to _________
Bacterial life cycle is an asexual process
Lysozymes in tears kills ________.
Infection
Viruses
Influenze virus is polyhedral
Adenovirus is polyhedral.
Bacteria from a pure culture which is used to start a new culture is called __________?
Spreading
Agar
Gram negative
Gram postive
Inoculum
Enveloped viruses are less sensitive to drying/heating conditions rather than naked capsid viruses.
The naked capsid virus is more hostile compared to the enveloped virus due to it breaking down the cell membrane through lysis.
In the virus life cycle, an active, intracellular stage is called the __________ stage.
Metabolic
Infectious
Log
Attachment
Biosynthesis
The area of no growth is what we call a ____________
Viral plaque
Plaque assay
Spec
Where would you find a prophage?
Virus life cycle
Lytic life cycle
Lysogenic life cycle
Bacterial life cycle
Food life cycle
Another word for lytic is
Another word for lysogenic is .