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The main factor for transmission of cholera is:
air
water
Soil
Alimentary products
The object of the epidemiology of infectious diseases is:
Infectious process
Epidemic process
Source of infection
Social factor
Source of infection for the infectious diseases may be:
People
Mosquito
Flea
All the three above
The preparation for disinfection “Hibitan” is from the group:
Alcohols
Biguanides
Chlorine-containing
Oxidisers
The leading factor(s) for distribution of nosocomial infections is (are):
Hands of healthcare workers
Mosquitoes
Air
Blood products
The re-immunization against measles in Bulgaria is on
7 years
11 years
12 years
17 years
The aetiology agent of scarlet fever is:
Virus
Rickettsia
Bacteria
Chlamydia
The source of infection for AIDS are:
Birds
Monkeys
People and Monkeys
What is the mechanism of transmission for salmonellosis:
Air-borne
Faecal-oral
By insects
Of the external envelopes
The dispensary surveillance for hepatitis A is:
1 month
3 months
12 months
24 months
Source of infection for shigellosis are:
Animals
People and animals
The contacts of an ill with hepatitis A are under medical surveillance for:
7 days
15 days
20 days
45 days
The re-immunization against tuberculosis in Bulgaria is on:
5 years
15 years
20 years
The aetiology agent of measles is:
Spirochaetes
The source of infection for meningococcal infection is:
The ill man only
Sick animals only
The man- as sick or carrier
Sick people and animals
The re-immunizations against poliomyelitis in Bulgaria are on:
13 month, 24 month, 11 years
16 months and 6 years
24 months, 7 years, 11 years
24 months, 7 years, 12 years
The artificially acquired active immunity is created after:
Application of a vaccine
Application of serum
Suffering from some disease
Transmited from mother to baby
Secondary driving force of the epidemic process is:
The aetiology agent
The susceptibility of the population
The social factor
The mechanism of transmission
The epidemiology of the infectious diseases studies:
Viral hepatitis
Hypertonia
Ulcer
Echinococcus
Chemical sterilization may be done with:
Chloramine
Manusterol
Ethylene oxide
NaCl
Port of entrance for poliomyelitis is (are):
Only mucosa of nasopharynx
Only intestinal mucosa
Naso-pharyngeal and intestinal mucosa
Intestinal mucosa and skin
The main route of transmission for S. dysenteriae is:
Person-to-person contact
Water-borne
Alimentary
Blood-borne
Anthroponose infectious diseases are these with source of infection:
Rodents
Fleas
The rats may be source of infection for:
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Cholera and salmonellosis
Risk group for Cremean-Congo hemorrhagic fever are:
Seamen
Alimentary workers
Stockmen
Building workers
The preparation for disinfection “perhydrol” (hydrogen peroxide 30%) is from the following chemical group:
Aldehydes
Oxidising agents
Alchohols
Phenols
Spores of microorganisms are destroyed by:
Sterilium
Glutaraldehyde
Source of infection for hepatitis B are:
Diseased animals
Only diseased people
Diseased people and carriers
Animals and people
It is recommended the immunization against influenza to be done:
2 times in the year
Every year
1 time for five years
1 time for three years
The contact to rubella children, aged less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease and who are not immunised, are under medical surveillance for:
5 days
9 days
14 days
After wounding it is applied:
0.5 ml tetanus toxoid
1 ml tetanus toxoid
0.1 ml tetanus toxoid
2 ml tetanus toxoid
Specific location of vibrio cholera is:
Mouth
Mucosa of small intestines
Stomach
Mucosa of large intestines
Persons from risk groups, who are convalescent carriers of salmonellosis, are allowed to work after:
7 days and 2 (-) results
15 days and 2 (-) results
15 days and 3 (-) results
20 days and 3 (-) results
Re-immunization against pertussis in Bulgaria is done on:
10 month
13 month
6 years
With disinfection we do destruction of:
Pathogenic microorganisms
Spores
Vegetative forms and spores
Non of the three
The definition for epidemic process is:
Process with source of infection a man
Interaction between macro- and microorganisms on the level of the population
Interaction between macro- and microorganisms on individual level
Interaction between sick people and animals
The air is main factor for infection transmission of:
Leptospirosis
Rubella
Shigellosis
The epidemic measures against the contact children to measles, less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease and are not immunised, are:
Surveillance for 10 days
Surveillance for 21 days
Application of immune-globulin and surveillance for 10 days
Application of immune-globulin and surveillance for 21 days
The protective titre of antibodies against rubella (reaction inhibition d’hemagglutination) is:
1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
As nosocomial infection may arise:
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Botulism
Cremean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Rabies
The vaccine against poliomyelitis, used in Bulgaria, is:
Inactivated
Toxoid
Live
Recombinant
The water is a factor for transmission of:
Q-fever
Hepatitis B
Ornithosis
Salmonella bacteria are excreted from the source of infection with:
Air sputters
Blood
Faeces and urine
Only with faeces
Variola is an infection, which is:
Eradicated
Eliminated
Limited
Before eradication
The contact children with varicella, less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease, are under surveillance for:
10 days
21 days
Which of the following regiments is the right for the dry steriliser:
120 °С 2 h
190 °С 30 min
160 °С 2 h
150 °С 1 h
The preparation “glutaraldehyde” is used for:
Sanitation of object
Sanitation of hands
Only for disinfection
Disinfection and sterilisation
Viral hepatitis A is transmitted by the following mechanism:
Vector-borne
The immunisation against pertussis in Bulgaria is provided on:
2 month
3 month
2 and 3 months
2, 3 and 4 months
Source of infection may be:
The man
Water
Food
Contaminated hands
In autoclave can not be sterilised:
Metal instruments
Cotton tampons
Textiles
Leather materials
The vaccine against diphtheria in Bulgaria is:
The alimentary products are factor for transmission of:
Varicella
Tetanus
The diseased with diphtheria are discharged after the following negative results from the microbiological test for carriage:
1 (-) test
2 (-) tests
3 (-) tests
4 (-) tests
Human Influenza viruses are divided on the following serotypes:
А and В
А, В and С
А, В, С and D
А, В, С, D and Е
The aetiology agent of the disease
The natural factor
The source of infection
The preparation for disinfection “Hibiscrub” is used for:
Chirurgical disinfection of the hands
Utensils
Surfaces
Instruments
In Bulgaria the vaccine against tuberculosis is:
Recommended
Routine
There isn't effective vaccine
Forbidden for us
The source of infection for scarlet fever is:
Sick animals
Sick people
Animals - Carriers
The vaccine against rubella is applied on:
6 months
10 months
13 months
Poliomyelitis viruses are:
One type
Two types
Three types
Four types
AIDS is not transmitted by one of the following routes:
Sexual
Vertical
The mechanism of transmission for varicella is:
of the external envelopes
The epidemic measures against the contact with measles children, less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease and are not immunised, are as follows:
Surveillance for 7 days
Surveillance for 17 days
Immunisation and surveillance for 17 days
Immune-globulin and surveillance for 10 days
The usual concentration of chlorine is:
3 % water solution
10 % water solution
1 % water solution
5 % water solution
The soil is a factor for transmission of:
AIDS
Measles
The naturally acquired passive immunity is formed:
After some disease
After a vaccine
After immune-globulin
From mother to baby
The main route for infection transmission of Shigellosis Flexneri is:
The route for infection transmission of hepatitis B is:
Parenteral
All the three are possible
When a carriage continues more than 6 months, it is named:
Acute
Sub-acute
Chronic
Convalescent
The vaccine against scarlet fever is:
There is not effective vaccine for the moment
The sources of infection for measles are:
Diseased people
People- carriers
All of the three mentioned
The sources of infection for enteroviral infections are:
Animals- carriers
People - diseased and carriers
The incubation period for cholera is:
1 day
The vaccine against pertussis is:
Acellular
In the environment HIV-virus is:
Highly resistant
Non - resistant
Medium resistant
Resistant for 10 days
The dispensary surveillance for hepatitis B is for:
2 years
Factors for infection transmission
The susceptible population
The diseased with varicella are isolated for:
To the scab of the rash
Foot-and-mouth disease
Hepatitis A
The convalescent carriers of salmonellosis from risk groups are under dispensary surveillance for:
1 year
Which is the right regimen for autoclave:
121 °С (1 atm) 30 min
150 °С 2 atm. 20 min
145 °С 2 atm. 15 min
110 °С 0.5 atm. 30 min
The vaccine against influenza is:
Obligatory
Not at all provided
The dental consulting room is a risk place for:
Viral hepatitis B, C and HIV
Lyme disease
Tularaemia
The surfaces are disinfected with:
Only rubbing
Washing
Rubbing and spraying
Autoclave
Lints and cotton tampons are sterilized with:
Dry sterilizer
Ultraviolet rays
Risk group for influenza are:
Healthcare workers
Workers with foods
Hunters
The vaccine against tetanus is:
Live attenuated
The isolation of a patient with shigellosis from risk group continues to:
One
Two
Three
Four (-) results from the microbiological test
The vaccine against hepatitis B is:
The port of entrée for mumps is:
Intestinal mucosa
Wounded skin
Respiratory mucosa
The place of tick bite
The natural factor is with the greatest importance for the following infections:
Intestinal
Life-long carriage may be observed after:
Primary driving force of the epidemic process is:
Natural factor
Migration of the population
The sources of infection for meningococcal infection are:
Domestic animals
Sources of infection for salmonellosis may be:
Infected people
Infected fish
Infected rodents
All of the three
The dental instruments are sterilised with:
Chlorine preparations
Burning
Preparations-oxidisers
The sources of infection for cholera are:
The object of the epidemiology is (are):
The people
The epidemic process
Primary driving force(s) of the epidemic process is (are):
Mechanism of infection transmission
All the three
The source of infection for infectious diseases is (are):
Тhe mechanism of transmission of the infection takes place in:
1 phase
2 phases
3 phases
4 phases
Аccording to the immunisation calendar of Bulgaria, the hepatitis B vaccine is administered with:
1 dose
2 doses
3 doses
4 doses
Nosocomial infections occur in:
Patients in outpatient care
Hospitalised patients
Prophylactic examination
All three are included
Which of the measures is not included in the standard measures for prevention of nosocomial infections:
Hand disinfection
Use of personal protective equipment
Hospital waste management
Who (what) can be the source of salmonellosis infection:
Infected animals
Ill people
People - carriers
All three
Who (what) may be the source of shigellosis infection:
Animals - carriers of the infection
The source of infection for cholera is (are):
Contaminated water
Contaminated food
Diphtheria may be transmitted by the following mechanism:
Air-borne mechanism
Scarlet fever may be transmitted by:
Blood transfusion
Tick bite
Source of infection for measles may be:
Only ill people
People- ill and carriers
Infected air
Infected people and animals
The vertical transmission is not possible for:
Spermatogenesis can be impaired in:
Mumps
Rubella and mumps
Which of the vaccines is not included in the immunisation calendar of Bulgaria:
Against tuberculosis
Against hepatitis B
Against hepatitis A
Against pertussis
Meningococcal infection is transmitted by:
Vertical mechanism
Hepatitis E virus is with:
1 genotype
2 genotypes
3 genotypes
4 genotypes
ECHO- and Coxsckie- viruses may be transmitted by:
Vertically
Faecal-oral mechanism
Air-borne and faecal-oral mechanism
Source of infection for HIV/AIDS may be:
Infected monkeys
Infected bats