Psychology 115 Final Exam Review

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The three types of memory are ___

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The three fundamental memory processes are

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The BEST reason that 60% of this class did not accurately recognize a penny from among similar distractors is because

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Which of the following is NOT a possible mechanism of memory failure?

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On average, human Short-term Working Memory can hold ___ "bits" of information?

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Using the logic of Loftus’s 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an auto accident. The victim's car was green. However, for half of the subjects, the experimenter casually referred to it being blue. When these subjects were later asked to remember the color of the victim's car, many said that it was blue. This is an example of the .

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The concept of context-dependent memory indicates that the best place to study for your PSY 115 quizzes is in

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Suggestibility is important because it shows that

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Mary has vivid memories of what her first kiss was like as a 13 year old. This is an example of what type of memory system?

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When newer information (e.g., a French verb learned in 12th grade) interferes with the retrieval of older information (e.g., the same verb learned in Spanish in 7th grade), this is called proactive interference.

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What mid-brain structure helps transfer information from Short-Term Working Memory to Long-Term Memory and vice versa?

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When asked to recall all the Presidents in the history of the US, most people remember the first few presidents due to the effect; and the last few presidents due to the effect.

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The goals of psychology are to

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Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were documenting how children learn through reinforcement of their actions?

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Dr. Hammond has a medical degree and her practice specializes in the treatment of bipolar disorders and major depression. Dr. Hammond is most likely a

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When we conduct research within the field of psychology we gather information about a specific phenomenon and then make a prediction. This prediction is referred to as the

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In a false memory experiment, half of the participants memorized a list of words with a strong "sleep" theme and half saw a list with a weak "sleep" theme. We compared the two groups' incidence for (falsely) recalling the word, "sleep". In this experiment, the independent variable was the

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The more one texts while driving, the higher the probability of having an accident. Stated this way, there is _ correlation between the two variables.

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A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory. What was the dependent variable?

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In an investigation of "new and improved" Advil, half of the participants in the study were given original Advil, while half were given the "new and improved" Advil. Those who received the original Advil were

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A researcher is testing the hypothesis that exercise makes people happier. Participants in the experimental group were assessed for their level of happiness on Monday while those in the control group were assessed on Saturday. What might be a confounding variable?

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Which correlation is the strongest?

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Dr. Borden conducts a study to examine how a persons perception of control impacts their experienced stress. She creates two conditions of control (perceived control vs. perceived lack of control) to see whether there is an impact on one's self-reported stress levels. What is the Dependent Variable?

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Critical thinking means making judgment based on

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What brain structure allows the two hemispheres to communicate?

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When a neuron is stimulated enough, it --?--

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Which label marks the location of an AXON or AXONS?

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Unfolded, the human brain cortex has the area of a and is _ thick.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation measures the blood's oxygen level in the brain.

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---?---- plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.

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In the list below, each brain region is paired with a function. Which of the region-function pairs is NOT correct?

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You are walking toward someone you have a crush on and your heart starts pounding, your hands get sweaty, and your cheeks feel hot. These are effects of your .

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Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after a stroke. He was unable to speak in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill's difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

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Within the neuron, neural signals are best characterized as __.

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Silvio suffered a stroke and became paralyzed on his left side. The brain damage is in the __ brain hemisphere.

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Which of the following coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement? (e.g., sports, musical instrument playing)

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Consciousness is best defined as

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A researcher discovers using EEG recordings that brain waves are different during the stages of the sleep cycle. The researcher is using what type of measure to study consciousness?

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The biological rhythm which helps to drive our internal core body temperature, hormone production, and sleep is called the rhythm.

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A split-brain client is shown a frog in her right visual field. This information is processed by

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REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because the

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You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake. Betty says it means that you have an unconscious desire to drop out of college and become a baker. Betty's statement is describing the ???? content of the dream.

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One major cause of insomnia is

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In an experiment, researchers found that when given the word pair ocean-moon, followed by the word detergent, participants typically said the word tide. When asked to explain their word choice, participants were unaware that the word pair had influenced their response. This supports the concept of

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When a person experiences changes in memory, perception, or voluntary action as a result of suggestions made by another person they are most likely experiencing

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To be considered a hallucinogenic, a drug must

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Dr. Borden dreams about answering questions to her competency exams 2 weeks before taking the actual competency tests. This would illustrate which theory of dreaming?

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Which of the following is NOT a factor in the development of addiction?

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A week-old infant's parents are talking to it. Baby hears a lot of hissing, humming, and puffing. The infant is

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"_" theory explains how color processing works in the eye; "_" theory explains why we can "see" a colored image that is not actually there. (Must select two correct answers for credit.)

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Ann went to an audiologist for a hearing test. During the test, Ann listened for tones through earphones. The tones ranged from extremely faint to moderately soft. Ann was to raise her hand whenever she thought she heard a tone. The audiologist was testing Ann's .

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The process of converting stimulus energy into neural signals is called

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The "sensory homunculus" illustrates

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Which of the following is NOT true about rods?

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We perceive color because there is color in the electromagnetic radiation sprectrum.

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_ constancy refers to the brain's inclination to see things as relatively the same size regardless of distance from the eye (one of two possible words)

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Which is the structure that is primarily responsible for maintaining balance or judging our spatial orientation?

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When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates .

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Closing your eyes and being able to touch your nose with your forefinger most accurately illustrates

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Learning is

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In a classical conditioning situation, the learned behavior (the response) is

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Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one to which the organism learns to respond to is the

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Every time someone flushes a toilet in your dorm bathroom the shower becomes very hot and causes you to jump back. Over time, you begin to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, but BEFORE the water temperature changes. What is the unconditioned response?

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Young Penelope has a fear of small dogs...but not large dogs. This is an illustration of

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Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as _??.

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Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called __??.

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For every 10 boxes of cookies that Lisa sells, her girl scout troop gets a dollar. Lisa is being reinforced on a ???_ schedule of reinforcement?

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??? is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ???___ is an example of a secondary reinforcer

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In this class you have the option of skipping the final exam IF you have earned an A up to that point. This is an example of

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While in an operant chamber, a rat receives an electric shock whenever he presses the lever. As a result the rat stops pressing the lever. This is an example of _???__.

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John and Jessica sit outside to watch for shooting stars. What type of reinforcement schedule is being illustrated in this example?

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Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army slogan "Be all that you can be"?

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Destruction or defect in which brain structure can drastically alter eating behavior?

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Jennifer will only perform to the best of her ability when she receives really big tips. Jennifer's performance is influenced by __ motivation.

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The tendency of the body to maintain a steady physiological state of functioning is called -----------------------.

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The Yerkes-Dodson Law describes the rule that your performance on a task will be optimal if your level of arousal is -----------. (Assume that the task is neither very easy nor very hard.)

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If Zita has a higher level of testosterone compared with other women, she will be most likely to

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From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that men would like to have more sexual partners than women. This is because

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Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster is from the _??? associated with emotion.

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Lisa does not like going to her sister Megan’s piano recitals, but she finds that if she forces herself to smile during the recital, she will ?, as predicted by the ?.

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Tom walks into a dark alley and sees a man wielding a knife at him. Tom believes he is afraid because his heart is pounding . He most likely is a student of _??___.

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Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person’s facial expressions. Her friends worry that she can no longer processes the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona’s ???

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Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. He is so anxious that he is having trouble working. To cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about it by practicing the guitar. In doing so, Blake is dealing with his feelings through ??.

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When Dave started driving, he had to use a navigation system to get around his neighborhood. Over time, Dave could drive through his neighborhood without the navigation system because he knew where all of the streets and roads were. Dave has most likely developed a ???__ of his neighborhood.

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Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is applying his __ of the elderly in these interactions.

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Which of the following best describes problem solving?

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Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients. She has to make a cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has. Lauren is engaging in

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Using algorithms to think has the advantage of ??? and the disadvantage of ???.

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According to the paradox of choice, having some choice is good, and having even more choice

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According to the video we watched in class, maximizers are likely to make ?? decisions before a purchase, but actually feel ?? satisfied with the purchase later

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After struggling to solve a physics problem, you take a break for lunch. When you go back to work on the problem, the solution suddenly pops into your head. In this case you used _??___ to solve the problem.

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Although many successful musicians may not have “book smarts,” they certainly have the “street smarts” needed to succeed in the music industry. The theory of intelligence that best accounts for this observation about “book smarts” and “street smarts” in musicians is the ??___ theory.

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Which of the following is NOT an example of an analogical representation?

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Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS). Afterward, Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and recreating patterns with blocks. It appears that Jane enjoyed the __ scales of the test.

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Terry is making a multilayer wedding cake. While trying to make sure it does not collapse, he remembered a bridge he saw that had an interesting support system. He applies that support system to the cake structure to make sure it does not collapse. Terry _??__ to solve his problem.

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What behavioral characteristic is most strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease?

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If people did not possess dopamine neurons, addiction to nicotine would be

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Cohen purposely infected study participants with live cold virus. He found that those most likely to "catch" the cold were those who

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The coping mechanism that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is know as ?????

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You experience a large disruption that threatens a central part of your life and is very difficult to deal with. Most likely, soon you will experience body changes, thoughts, and actions associated with the psychological process of ??

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Adrenaline is a catecholamine, the release of which is stimulated by the ???.

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Suri is under a lot of stress between family issues, work, and college. She can barely get her work done, eats much more than usual and does not sleep well most nights. Suri is most likely in the ????? phase of the GAS.

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Which of the following would describe the tend-and-befriend response of a person experiencing great stress from his job?

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People are most likely to adopt a problem-focused coping strategy when they perceive the stressor as ??

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Sasha finds her job difficult and has had a hard time learning how to do some of the tasks that are required of her. She decides to put in some extra hours to learn how to complete the tasks, and she is confident that in doing so she will be able to perform the tasks well. According to research discussed in your textbook, what is a likely outcome?

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According to your textbook, a large study found what type of relationship between peoples’ attitudes and their health?

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Kristine is experiencing some depression and memory problems. To reduce both of these, Kristin’s doctor is most likely to recommend

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Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by ???

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In Asch's study of conformity, people had to compare different lengths of lines and then select the one which was most similar to the target line. Which factor increased the rate of conformity?

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All of the following are ways to avoid Groupthink EXCEPT

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This is a change in behavior due to the direct request from someone else.

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The Stanford Prison Experiments were testing the power of the ?? on human behavior.

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Getting people to comply with a second, larger request after they comply with an initial small request is called the ??? technique.

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Laura's room is almost always a mess. Her parents attribute this to Laura's laziness. This is an example of what type of attribution?

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Linda has a stereotype about how a car mechanic behaves. The main advantage of her belief is that it ??. The main disadvantage is that it ??__.

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three things that people do to reduce cognitive dissonance?

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You observe the cashier at Caribou get mad and yell at the customer in front of you. Which of the following best illustrates you succumbing to the fundamental attribution error? You think to yourself, ???

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The more that Edward sees Bella on campus, the more positive his attitudes become toward her. Edward’s attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of ???

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Love that is a state of intense longing and desire is ?? love. Love that is a strong commitment to care for and support a partner is ?? love.

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The lemon juice experiment conducted in class attempted to measure which personality trait?

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Freud's psychodynamic theory has been completely disregarded since the advent of new technology that has allowed us to understand the brain differently

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For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ??_.

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Projective tests make use of ??? stimuli.

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How is age related to stability of personality?

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What is Freud’s term for the executive of the personality that develops realistic plans for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?

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According to the lemon juice experiment, participants who are high scorers on introversion ?? to the lemon juice.

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Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?

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What is one criticism of projective tests?

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Which structure of the brain was responsible for the reaction to the lemon juice in the lemon juice experiment conducted in class to demonstrate a biological basis to extraversion?

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Eddie failed his driver’s license test. When asked why he failed, Eddie says the questions were not fair and the driving instructor did not teach him properly. According to expectancy theory, Eddie probably has an

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John tends to appreciate new and novel ideas and has a love for the arts. What personality trait describes John the best?

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What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior?

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Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within, or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered

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Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of this type of phobia.

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Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called

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George is suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviors, he is likely to experience

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Anxiety, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, and concentration problems that occur for more than 1 month after a major stressor are likely symptoms of this.

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Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to

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In which type of schizophrenia is an individual most likely to have delusions of grandeur?

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Postpartum depression is diagnosed if the onset of major depression is

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Which of the following statements about antisocial personality disorder is TRUE?

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Applying the medical model to abnormal behavior has allowed for

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What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?

A quiz to help study for an introduction to psychology final exam.

Psychology 115 Final Exam Review

The three types of memory are ___

The three fundamental memory processes are

The BEST reason that 60% of this class did not accurately recognize a penny from among similar distractors is because

Which of the following is NOT a possible mechanism of memory failure?

On average, human Short-term Working Memory can hold ___ "bits" of information?

The concept of context-dependent memory indicates that the best place to study for your PSY 115 quizzes is in

Suggestibility is important because it shows that

Mary has vivid memories of what her first kiss was like as a 13 year old. This is an example of what type of memory system?

When newer information (e.g., a French verb learned in 12th grade) interferes with the retrieval of older information (e.g., the same verb learned in Spanish in 7th grade), this is called proactive interference.

What mid-brain structure helps transfer information from Short-Term Working Memory to Long-Term Memory and vice versa?

When asked to recall all the Presidents in the history of the US, most people remember the first few presidents due to the effect; and the last few presidents due to the effect.

The goals of psychology are to

Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were documenting how children learn through reinforcement of their actions?

Dr. Hammond has a medical degree and her practice specializes in the treatment of bipolar disorders and major depression. Dr. Hammond is most likely a

When we conduct research within the field of psychology we gather information about a specific phenomenon and then make a prediction. This prediction is referred to as the

In a false memory experiment, half of the participants memorized a list of words with a strong "sleep" theme and half saw a list with a weak "sleep" theme. We compared the two groups' incidence for (falsely) recalling the word, "sleep". In this experiment, the independent variable was the

The more one texts while driving, the higher the probability of having an accident. Stated this way, there is _ correlation between the two variables.

A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory. What was the dependent variable?

In an investigation of "new and improved" Advil, half of the participants in the study were given original Advil, while half were given the "new and improved" Advil. Those who received the original Advil were