Which of these food groups is used for growth, cell repair and cell replacement?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Fibre
Vitamins and mineral ions
Which of these factors can affect your metabolic rate?
Muscle: Fat ratio
Size
Gender
Amount of exercise
Temperature
Inherited factors
Heart rate
Which of these health problems is not caused by obesity?
Arthritis
Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Some cancers
Kidney disease
Too much saturated fat in your diet can increase your blood cholesterol level
Which of these problems can be caused by eating too little?
Slow growth (in children)
Fatigue
Poor resistance to infection
Irregular periods
Underactive thyroid gland
Lung cancer
Deficiency diseases
Which of these are differences between bacteria and viruses?
Bacteria are small living cells, viruses are smaller than cells
Bacteria are smaller than cells, viruses are small living cells
Bacteria make you feel ill by damaging cells and producing toxins, viruses replicate themselves by invading cells and using cells' machinery to produce copies of themselves which will cause the cell to burst - the damage makes you feel ill
Bacteria replicate themselves by invading cells and using cells' machinery to produce copies of themselves which will cause the cell to burst - the damage makes you feel ill, viruses make you feel ill by damaging cells and producing toxins
The body's defence system involves the skin, hairs and mucus, platelets and the immune system (white blood cells)
Vaccinations involve injecting small amounts of active microorganisms
Which of these drugs actually cures disease?
Painkillers
Antibiotics
Which of the following describes how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics?
Bacteria mutates (to become resistant), infection is treated with antibiotics, only non-resistant killed, resistant survives and reproduces, population of resistant increases
Population of resistant increases, infection is treated with antibiotics, bacteria mutates (to become resistant), resistant survives and reproduces, only non-resistant killed
Infection is treated with antibiotics, only non-resistant killed, bacteria mutates (to become resistant), population of resistant increases, resistant survives and reproduces
Why are cultures of microorganisms kept at 25 degrees C in schools?
To stop the agar jelly melting
To stop harmful pathogens growing
To give the right conditions for most microorganisms
What did Ignaz Semmelweis encourage doctors to do?
Wash their hands in an antiseptic solution
Use the drug he created, penicillin
Put patients with diseases in a different ward to pregnant women
Which of these is the definition of a stimulus?
A cell which is sensitive to light
A change in your environment
Where information from the sense organs is sent
At a synapse, the nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap - the chemicals set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone
Which of the following describes the reflex arc?
Sensory neurone, relay neurone, stimulus, response, effector, motor neurone, receptor
Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone, effector, response
Response, stimulus, motor neurone, receptor, relay neurone, effector, sensory neurone,
Which of these are differences between responses coordinated by nerves and hormones?
Nerves - slower action, hormones - very fast action
Nerves - very fast action, hormones - slower action
Nerves - act for a very short time, hormones - act for a long time
Nerves - act for a long time, hormones - act for a very short time
Nerves - act in a more general way, hormones - act on a very precise area
Nerves - act on a very precise area, hormones - act in a more general way
What are the features of FSH (Follicle-Stimulating-Hormone) ?
Produced by the pituitary gland
Produced in the ovaries
Causes an egg to mature
Stimulates production of LH
Stimulates release of egg
Stimulates production of oestrogen
Which hormones are used to reduce fertility?
FSH
Oestrogen
LH
Progesterone
A problem associated with IVF is multiple births, which are risky for the mother and babies.
Which of these statements are true about the plant hormone, auxin?
Auxin stimulates growth in shoots and inhibits growth in roots
Auxin inhibits growth in shoots and stimulates growth in shoots
The definition of homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
What do anabolic steroids and stimulants do?
Anabolic steroids increase muscle size and stimulants increase heart rate
Anabolic steroids increase heart rate and stimulants increase muscle size
What is the purpose of testing a drug on healthy human volunteers?
To test the drug's toxicity
To find the optimum dose
To see if it has any harmful side effects
What was thalidomide intended to be used for?
Treating people with sleeping disorders (insomnia)
Relieving morning sickness in pregnant women
Treating leprosy
Illegal drugs have more of an impact than legal drugs
How are Arctic animals adapted to reduce heat loss?
Small surface area to volume ratio
Large surface area to volume ratio
Thick layer of blubber
Thin layers of body fat
Greasy fur
Produce little sweat
Produce small amounts of concentrated urine
White fur
Which of these are living factors that could cause the environment to change?
A change in the occurrence of infectious diseases
A change in the number of predators
A change in the number of prey/availability of food sources
A change in the number or types of competitors
A change in average temperature
A change in average rainfall
A change in the level of air or water pollution
Lichen can be used to measure air pollution as they are very sensitive to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
What is biomass?
The mass of living material
How much food an animal needs
The number of species in an area
How is energy from the Sun lost in the food chain?
Plants use it to make food
Respiration
Movement
Controlling body temperature
Some of the material which makes up the plants & animals is inedible
Waste materials
Sleeping
Eating
Burning fossil fuels
In what conditions is decay fastest?
Warm
Moist
Aerobic (with oxygen)
Anaerobic (without oxygen)
Dry
Cold
In the carbon cycle, how is carbon dioxide removed from the air?
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Decay
Which of these characteristics are only affected by genetic factors?
Eye colour
Blood group
Inherited disorders
Weight
Height
Accent
Scars
A gene is a short length of a chromosome
Which of these are features of sexual reproduction?
There are two parents
There is one parent
There is fusion of the gametes
There is no fusion of the gametes
There is genetic variation
There is no genetic variation
How can cloned offspring be produced using embryo transplants?
An unfertilised egg cell is taken and the nucleus is removed and a nucleus from an adult body cell is inserted into the empty egg cell. An electric shock is given to make the embryo divide. When the embryo is a ball of cells it is implanted into a surrogate mother to grow into a clone of the original adult body cell.
Sperm cells are taken and used to artificially fertilise an egg cell. The embryo that develops is split many times (to form clones) before any cells become specialised. The cloned embryos are implanted into surrogate mothers to form genetically identical offspring.
Plant cells are taken and put in a growth medium with hormones to grow into new plants, which are clones of the parent plant.
Enzymes can be used to remove a useful gene from a chromosome and insert into another organism's chromosome
What was Charles Darwin's theory as to how evolution occurs?
Individuals show variation and organisms with beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes and increasing population with this characteristic (natural selection)
If an organism uses a characteristic a lot then, within its lifetime, it would become more developed - the acquired characteristics would pass on to the next generation
A mutation is always beneficial to an organism
Why did many people disagree with Darwin's theory of evolution?
It went against common religious beliefs at the time
No one knew about genes or mutations
There wasn't enough evidence
He wasn't a proper scientist
He published his theory in an obscure journal
