Este test está cronometrado.
Tienes 30 minutos para completar 60 preguntas de este test.
1.- Which kernel parameter controls the console verbosity at boot (quiet vs verbose)?
loglevel= or quiet
verbose=
console= only
debug=
2.- To view the system’s last reboot reason via systemd, which command helps?
last -x Reboot
journalctl -b -1
systemctl --failed
Both A and B (various info)
3.- Which tool on Debian/Ubuntu lists kernel packages installed so you can match /lib/modules folders?
dpkg -l 'linux-image*'
rpm -qa kernel
pacman -Q linux
apt-cache search linux
4.- Which systemd directive makes a unit start automatically at boot?
systemctl enable <unit>
systemctl start <unit>
systemctl reserve <unit>
systemctl boot <unit>
5.- When troubleshooting a failed boot, which of these is the most useful first step?
Examine bootloader config (/boot/grub/grub.cfg) and kernel params
Reinstall the OS immediately
Delete /boot contents and retry
Modify /etc/passwd
6.- Which command will list active targets and their dependencies?
systemctl list-dependencies --reverse <target>
systemctl show <target>
systemctl list-units
systemctl list-dependencies <target>
7.- How do you instruct GRUB to boot a kernel with a different root device only for this boot?
Edit kernel root= parameter from GRUB menu before boot
Change /etc/fstab permanently
Use grub-set-root after boot
Reinstall GRUB
8.- Which file may be used to blacklist an initramfs hook or module in dracut?
/etc/dracut.conf or /etc/dracut.conf.d/*.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf only
/boot/dracut.blacklist
/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/ (dracut uses dracut.conf)
9.- What command returns the current and previous runlevels on a SysV system?
runlevel
who -r
Both A and B
systemctl runlevel
10.- Which is the safe sequence to shutdown the machine and power off using SysV utilities?
shutdown -h now
init 0
poweroff
Any of the above (they request a halt/poweroff coordinated by init/systemd)
11.- Which command is used to list all partitions on all disks?
fdisk -l
lsblk -f
blkid
df -h
12.- Which tool is used to create or modify GPT partition tables?
fdisk
parted
mkfs
lsblk
13.- Which command displays information about block devices in a tree structure?
df
mount
14.- What is the maximum number of primary partitions allowed in an MBR disk?
2
4
6
8
15.- Which partition type is used to contain logical partitions in MBR?
Swap partition
Extended partition
Primary partition
Boot partition
16.- Which utility displays filesystem UUIDs and types?
ls
17.- What is the purpose of the mkswap command?
Mounts swap partitions
Formats a partition as swap space
Activates swap memory
Deactivates swap memory
18.- Which command activates all swap areas listed in /etc/fstab?
swapon -a
swapoff -a
systemctl enable swap
mount -a
19.- Which tool can resize partitions interactively on a running system?
cfdisk
20.- What command displays the total swap usage?
swapon -s
top
21.- Which LVM command creates a physical volume?
vgcreate
pvcreate
lvcreate
lvextend
22.- Which file contains partition information for traditional systems?
/etc/partitions
/proc/partitions
/etc/fstab
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
23.- Which command initializes a volume group in LVM?
vgextend
24.- Which tool is used to create logical volumes?
25.- Which command extends an existing logical volume?
pvextend
resize2fs
26.- Which file defines partitions mounted automatically at boot?
/etc/mounts
/proc/mounts
27.- What is the function of vgextend?
Add a new logical volume
Add a physical volume to a volume group
Extend a logical volume
Display volume groups
28.- Which command displays all existing volume groups?
lvdisplay
vgdisplay
pvdisplay
lvs
29.- What command is used to create a GPT partition table?
fdisk /dev/sda
parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt
mkfs.gpt /dev/sda
gdisk --gpt /dev/sda
30.- Which tool is used to create a new filesystem on a partition?
31.- Which command can display filesystem usage and available space?
du
32.- What is the name of the metadata area in an LVM physical volume?
PE (Physical Extent)
VG descriptor
PV header
LV header
33.- What is the smallest unit of allocation in LVM?
Physical volume
Volume group
Physical extent
Logical volume
34.- Which tool displays UUIDs for swap and partitions?
cat /etc/fstab
df -T
35.- Which command creates a swap file of 1 GB size?
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
mkswap /swapfile 1G
mkfile 1G /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
36.- Which command displays detailed information about logical volumes?
lvscan
37.- Which command creates a snapshot of a logical volume?
lvcreate -s
vgcreate -s
pvcreate -s
lvextend -s
38.- What is the main purpose of an LVM snapshot?
To back up data consistently
To extend a logical volume
To resize a filesystem
To defragment storage
39.- Which command removes a logical volume?
lvdelete
lvremove
vgremove
pvremove
40.- To resize a filesystem after extending an LVM volume, which command is used for ext4 filesystems?
xfs_growfs
fsck
mkfs.ext4
41.- What must be done before reducing a logical volume’s size?
Run vgextend
Unmount the filesystem and shrink it first
Add more physical extents
Activate the volume group
42.- Which LVM command deactivates a volume group?
vgdeactivate
vgchange -a n
vgstop
43.- What is the default size unit for LVM extents?
2 MB
4 MB
8 MB
16 MB
44.- Which command creates a new swap area on an existing partition?
mkfs.swap /dev/sdb2
mkswap /dev/sdb2
swapon /dev/sdb2
swapcreate /dev/sdb2
45.- How can you permanently enable a swap file?
Add it to /etc/fstab
Run swapon -a once
Modify /etc/swap.conf
Use systemctl enable swap
46.- Which command shows all currently active swap areas?
cat /proc/meminfo
swapon --show
free -m
47.- Which filesystem type is used for Linux swap space?
ext4
swapfs
swap
none
48.- What happens when physical memory is exhausted and no swap is available?
The system slows down
The kernel kills processes (OOM killer)
The system reboots
Swap is created automatically
49.- Which command converts an MBR disk to GPT safely (non-destructive)?
gdisk
parted mklabel
mkfs.gpt
50.- Which partition flag marks a partition as bootable in MBR?
boot
active
bios_grub
uefi_boot
51.- How can you view partition table type (MBR or GPT)?
parted /dev/sda print
lsblk -a
52.- Which tool is preferred for managing GPT disks interactively?
53.- What is the purpose of the /etc/lvm/backup/ directory?
Stores volume group metadata backups
Contains LVM log files
Lists all mounted LVs
Holds filesystem backups
54.- Which command shows the mapping between logical and physical extents?
lvdisplay -m
vgdisplay -v
pvscan
55.- Which LVM command removes a volume group?
vgdelete
56.- Which command initializes a disk as an LVM physical volume?
lvcreate /dev/sdb
vgcreate /dev/sdb
pvcreate /dev/sdb
lvm /dev/sdb
47.- Which command lists all volume groups on the system?
vgs
pvs
vgscan
58.- How can you identify all physical volumes currently present?
pvlist
49.- Which command enables you to label a partition manually?
e2label
lsblk -L
fdisk -L
blkid -L
60.- Which command verifies the integrity of an ext4 filesystem?
fsck.ext4
tune2fs
