What are endogenous pacemakers?

What is an example of an endogenous pacemaker?

Where does the SCN lie?

What does the SCN do?

What happens if our endogenous clock is running slow (sun rises earlier than the day before)

What is the SCN?

What role does the SCN have in the sleep-wake cycle?

What research evidence is there for the role of the SCN?

Are there any issues with this study?

Are there any positives that come from animal research?

What is another endogenous pacemaker?

What does the pineal gland do once it receives a message from the SCN that it is dark?

Where does the pineal gland lie in birds and how does it function?

What do many lizards have?

Do the body's oscillators desynchronise?

Is there a research example to support this?

What symptoms does this de-synchronisation lead to?

What is an Exogenous Zeitgeber?

What is the process of resetting the biological clock with exogenous zeitgebers?

What is the opposite of entrainment?

What is an example of an exogenous zeitgeber?

What effect does light have on our endogenous pacemakers?

What might this explain?

Will any lighting act as a zeitgeber?

What has recent research shown?

What does this prove?

If dim lighting does reset the biological clock, then the fact that we live in an artificially lit world must have negative consequences?

Name a second exogenous zeitgeber

What are examples of social cues?

What do our daily rhythms appear to be controlled by?

We know that light is the dominant zeitgeber but all parts of the body produce their own oscillating rhythms some of which are not reset by light. Give an example.

Name a third exogenous zeitgeber.

What effects the setting of the circadian rhythms in cold blooded animals?

What temperature signals what?

What did Buhr et al, 2010 find?

What does the basis of the circadian clock rely on?

What does this reaction create?

Who identified such proteins and where?

Which two proteins bind together in the morning?

What do these two proteins produce once they've joined together?

What does PER-TIM have the effect of?

How long does this loop take?

Where is this protein mechanism present?

Do the proteins vary from animal to animal? If so, what are the human pairs?

Are the endogenous and exogenous systems divided?

When the biological system fails it can cause a multitude of problems, give an example.

Name a specific issue with the biological system failing and explain it.

What is another sleep disorder and what causes it?

Is there a Real World Application from this research?

What have new techniques enabled researchers to study?

What do Chronobiologists now understand?

What are they still trying to work out?

What does an evolutionary approach emphasise?

What is one adaptive advantage?

What is a second adaptive advantage?

Who investigated this and what did they do?

W

What is a second issue with animal research?