Scientific Inquiry Exam 2

Pregunta 1 de 42

1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that is typical of qualitative research?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

generalizability
subjectivity
richness of data
small number of participants

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 42

1

Mech et al. (2010) used which of the following to obtain data for their paper "Eavesdropping on Happiness?"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a confederate
a camera hidden behind the mirror
a device that records sounds
transcripts of phone records

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 42

1

Research done on "Genie" (who had limited language development) & H.M. (who had amnesia) tend to involve what sort of research?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

participant research
archival research
case studies
psychobiography

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 42

1

Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of systematic observation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Interrater reliability is never a concern
It allows the researcher to focus on specific behaviors
It records all of the participant's actions during the study period
The data is anonymous, so data are always confidential

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 42

1

In which of the following types of study would reactivity be the GREATEST concern?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

anonymous surveys
participant observation
archival research
meta-analysis

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 42

1

Which of the following IS a match between a type of survey & a limitation of that type of survey?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

online survey: possible sampling bias due to limited access to technology
personally administrated survey: reactivity
mail-in survey: long response times
all of the above are correct matches

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 42

1

Which of the following scales is demonstrated below?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Likert scale
Semantic differential scale
Ratio scale
Wong-Baker scale

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 42

1

What flaw does the question demonstrate? "Are you not satisfied with your online service provider?"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Leading questions
Double-barrelled questions
Negative wording
Yea saying

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 42

1

What flaw does the question demonstrate? "Do you support government-provided health care for children & senior citizens?"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Leading questions
Double-barrelled questions
Negative wording
Yea saying

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 42

1

What flaw does the question demonstrate? "Do you believe that Candidate X deserves to be removed from office after the many scandals that he was involved in?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Leading questions
Double-barrelled questions
Negative wording
Yea saying

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 42

1

What flaw does the question demonstrate? The "national service" video from the Yes Minister TV show clip in class.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Leading questions
Double-barrelled questions
Negative wording
Yea saying

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 42

1

is a low-cost sampling technique that runs the risk of introducing bias, while costs more but is less prone to bias.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

stratified random sample : simple random sampling
haphazard sampling : purposive sampling
quota sampling : simple random sampling
cluster sampling : haphazard sampling

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 42

1

Which of the following is MOST clearly a risk of pretest-posttest designs?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

non-random assignment
practice effects
low inter-rater reliability
sampling error

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 42

1

In a matched-pairs design:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

the value of one dependent variable is matched with the value of another
a member of the control group is matched with a member of the experimental group
the score on a pretest is matched with the score of a posttest
a score provided by one rater is matched with a score provided by a different rater

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 42

1

In which of the following designs is assignment to groups a concern?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

within-subjects
between subjects
psychobiography
multiple baseline

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 42

1

Suppose that you are evaluating a smoking cessation program in your community. At the same time, the city puts up anti-smoking advertisements all around the laboratory. This would be an example of which of the following problems?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

restrictions of range effects
mortality effects
history effects
haphazard sampling

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 42

1

Suppose that a researcher uses a post-test only design to investigate the effects of a mediation technique on mood. The researcher recruits 40 participants, randomly assigns them to 2 groups. One group receives meditation training before taking a questionnaire on their mood. The other sits in a quiet room for the same length of time before taking the questionnaire. As it happens, the experimental group is in a spacious area for the meditation training, while the control group is in a cramped classroom. The clearest potential problem with this design is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a practice effect
a ceiling effect
a confounding variable
attrition

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 42

1

What is the purpose of a Latin Square design?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

to prevent sampling bias
to ensure random assignment to groups
to control for order effects
to reduce the effect of within subject variability

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 42

1

Which of the following describes a procedure that counterbalances for order?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

When conducting an interview, call the participants into the interview room in a random sequence that is not known in advance by the experimenter.
When conducting an online survey, present the questions in a random order.
Recruit 30 participants. Expose them to condition A first, then condition B, then condition B again, and then condition A again.
Recruit 30 participants. Expose 15 to condition A first, then condition B. Expose 15 to condition B first, then condition A.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 42

1

Which of the following is NOT involved in a staged manipulation? (Choose the best answer)

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

the behavior of the other "teacher" in Milgram's obedience study
the Bringing in the Bystander program used in Banyard et al.'s study on sexual violence
the Monopoly game rules in Piff's "Does Money Make You Mean?" study
taking away the lucky charm for photographing in the superstition study

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 42

1

Identify the dependent & independent variable.
Compared to children, adults are bad at learning language. This is counterintuitive; adults outperform children on most measure of cognition, especially those that involve effort (which continue to mature into early adulthood). The present study asks whether these mature effortful abilities interfere with language learning in adults & further, whether interference occurs equally for aspects of language that adults are good (word-segmentation) versus bad (Grammar) at learning. Learners were exposed to an artificial language comprised of statistically defined words that belong to phonologically defined categories (grammar). Exposure occurred under passive or effortful conditions. Passive learners were told to listen while effortful learners were instructed to try to 1) learn the words, 2) learn the categories, or 3) learn the category order. Effortful learners showed an advantage for learning words while passive learners showed an advantage for learning the categories. Effort can therefore hurt the learning of categories.
Q: A dependent variable in this study is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

effort expended
how well the words are learned
whether the participants are instructed to learn words or categories
the age of the participants in the experiment

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 42

1

Consider the following paragraph from the Method section of the paper on page 3.
After exposure, participants completed 2 forced choice tests: (1) a word-level test in which they were asked which of two words was more likely to belong in the language they just listened to, and (2) a sentence-level test in which they were asked which sentence was more likely to belong in the test were randomized separately for each subject. In these 2 tests, there were 3 types of interest: word segmentation, order & category structure. All word segmentation items occurred in the first, word-level, test and all of the order & category structure occurred in the second, sentence-level test.
Q: Which of the following best describes the design of this study?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

independent groups
repeated-measures
longitudinal
pretest-posttest

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 42

1

Consider the following paragraph from the Method section of the paper on page 3.
After exposure, participants completed 2 forced choice tests: (1) a word-level test in which they were asked which of two words was more likely to belong in the language they just listened to, and (2) a sentence-level test in which they were asked which sentence was more likely to belong in the test were randomized separately for each subject. In these 2 tests, there were 3 types of interest: word segmentation, order & category structure. All word segmentation items occurred in the first, word-level, test and all of the order & category structure occurred in the second, sentence-level test.
Q: If the word-level test was always carried out first, this could potentially lead to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

two-way interactions
expectancy effects
carryover effects
demand characteristics

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 42

1

The Solomon four-group design is a compromise between which types of design?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

post-test only & pretest-posttest
quantitative & qualitative
staged & straightforward
three-group & five-group

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 42

1

Which of the following is most clearly a way to overcome a floor effect?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Reduce the number of levels of the independent variable
Increase sample size
Change the range of the manipulation of the independent variable
Measure the dependent variable with a ratio scale

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 42

1

The double-bind design reduces the likelihood of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

sampling error
expectancy effects
demand characteristics
A & B
B & C

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 42

1

Early studies of childhood development by Jean Piaget underestimated the rate of development because participants could not express that they knew or understood something. Which of the following best describes the problem with Piaget's studies?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Attrition
Sensitivity of the dependent variable
Ceiling effects
Carryover effects

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 42

1

Which of the following is an example of a pilot study (based on the definition of the term from class?)

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A researcher tests children's reading levels before assigning them to groups in an experiment
A researcher has participants rate the scariness of movie clips before using them as stimuli in a study of the psychological effects of movie violence
A researcher replicates and experiment with an additional control condition in order to remove a potential confound
A researcher recruits a small number of participants for a study but stops collecting data after the first few participants do not conform to the researcher's hypothesis

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 42

1

Which of the following is NOT a typical role of debriefing in experimental research

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

to reveal deception used in the study
to answer the participant's questions
to understand the participant's experience during the experiment
to encourage the participant to discuss the study with others

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 42

1

According to the text, which of the following is the final step in conducting research?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

testing the hypothesis
debriefing the participants
communicating the findings to others
conducting follow-up studies

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 42

1

Filler questions in some psycholinguistics studies serve to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

lengthen the study in order to give participants more experience with the task
disguise the manipulation in order to reduce demand characteristics
control for differences between individual words (which would otherwise be confounds)
ensure that each participant is exposed to the full range of experimental stimuli

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 42

1

The following 3 questions is a table i will take photo and send to you on whatsapp!

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

This one
-

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 42

1

Which of the following would most likely be a PV in a PV x IV design?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a personality trait
the dosage of a psychoactive drug
reaction time in response to stimuli
type of psychotherapy received during the experiment

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 42

1

Which of the following is a correct description of the graph shown on the right? Assume that differences between conditions reflect differences in the population.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

a crossover interaction
2 independent main effects
a main effect of Factor A
a main effect of Factor B

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 42

1

Suppose that the owner of a coffeeshop introduces a promotion where they offer a coupon for discounts on a movie ticket with every cup of coffee. The owner runs the promotion for one month in May. The shop sold 1000 cups of coffee per day in April, 1250 cups of coffee per day in June. The owner interprets this as a sign that the promotion was effective. This procedure is most similar to the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

ABA reversal design
sequential method
pretest-posttest control group design
multiple baseline design

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 42

1

Which of the following points did Kathryn Shultz make about how it feels to be wrong?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

It is a useful tool for solving scientific debates
It results from irresponsibility and poor preparation
It motivates us to avoid mistakes in the future
It feels the same as being right

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 42

1

Bonus: In class, I described an experiment that I conducted which had a 2x2x2x3x3 factorial design. What was the result of this experiment?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

It served as a pilot study for a series of other experiments
My advisor would not let me run the experiment
I published the study in a peer-reviewed journal
I had a 5 way interaction, so I gave up

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 42

1

Which of the following best describes what to do when you find significant main effects & significant interactions in a 2x2 factorial design?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Ignore the interactions & focus on the main effects
Describes the effects separately for each level of one of your variables
Remove levels of the variables from the design until there are no more interactions
Give up, since the experimental data are not interpretable.

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 42

1

Which of the following is NOT a plausible rationale for using a quasi-experimental design instead of a conventional experimental design?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

You are studying a life-saving intervention & do not want to turn away anybody for treatment
You are studying an intervention that affects the whole community, so a control group is impractical
Each participant has a different standard for "success" or "failure", so the effectiveness of your treatment cannot be measure quantitatively
Each participant in treatment voluntarily signed up for the program, so selection bias may make your sample different from the rest of the population

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 42

1

In the sequential method, you would collect data from:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

participants who were all the same age, and follow them for an extended time
participants who were all the same age, but only once during the study
participants who were a range of ages, and follow them for an extended time
participants who were a range of ages, but only once during the study

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 42

1

The purpose of propensity score matching is to deal with potential confound introduced by:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

haphazard sampling techniques
non-equivalent control group
demand characteristics
expectancy effects

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 42

1

Which of the following is an example of a situation where regression to the mean could MOST plausibly provide an alternative explanation for my result?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

In one year, I do not conduct review sessions for my PSY250 class. Students in that class do worse on average than students in previous years. Conclusion: I should offer review sessions every year from that point in.
I ask students during Midterm 2 if they are confident that they will do well. There is no correlation between confidence & performance. Conclusion: Students should attend review sessions even if they think they are doing well in class.
I ask the 10 students with the lowest grade on Midterm 1 to attend a compulsory review session before Midterm 2. Their scores on Midterm 2 are on average better than Midterm 1. Conclusion: My review session was effective.
I ask my students if they have any questions about the exam during a review session. None of them says anything in response to my question. Conclusion: None of the students have any questions.

	Creado por Zaneta Chan hace más de 10 años

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Scientific Inquiry Exam 2

Pregunta 1 de 42

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that is typical of qualitative research?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 42

Mech et al. (2010) used which of the following to obtain data for their paper "Eavesdropping on Happiness?"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 42

Research done on "Genie" (who had limited language development) & H.M. (who had amnesia) tend to involve what sort of research?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 42

Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of systematic observation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 42

In which of the following types of study would reactivity be the GREATEST concern?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 42

Which of the following IS a match between a type of survey & a limitation of that type of survey?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 42

Which of the following scales is demonstrated below?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 42

What flaw does the question demonstrate? "Are you not satisfied with your online service provider?"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 42

What flaw does the question demonstrate? "Do you support government-provided health care for children & senior citizens?"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 42

What flaw does the question demonstrate? "Do you believe that Candidate X deserves to be removed from office after the many scandals that he was involved in?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 42

What flaw does the question demonstrate? The "national service" video from the Yes Minister TV show clip in class.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 42

__________ is a low-cost sampling technique that runs the risk of introducing bias, while __________ costs more but is less prone to bias.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 42

Which of the following is MOST clearly a risk of pretest-posttest designs?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 42

In a matched-pairs design:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 42

In which of the following designs is assignment to groups a concern?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 42

Suppose that you are evaluating a smoking cessation program in your community. At the same time, the city puts up anti-smoking advertisements all around the laboratory. This would be an example of which of the following problems?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 42

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 42

What is the purpose of a Latin Square design?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 42

Which of the following describes a procedure that counterbalances for order?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 42

Which of the following is NOT involved in a staged manipulation? (Choose the best answer)

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

is a low-cost sampling technique that runs the risk of introducing bias, while costs more but is less prone to bias.