1.2 Earthquakes

Pregunta 1 de 29

14

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Arrastra la opción correcta a cada uno de los puntos naranjas

Longitudinal

Transverse

Lateral movement

Can travel through solids and liquids

Controlled by incompressibility

Body waves

Cannot pass through liquids

Controlled by rigidity

Travel at 70% of the speed of P waves

Reflected by Moho

Last to arrive

Surface wave

Large amplitude

Long wavelength

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 29

1

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Arrastra la opción correcta a cada uno de los puntos naranjas

0-70km

70-300km

300-700km

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 29

2

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 29

1

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

0
12
1
-6

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 29

2

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 29

1

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 29

1

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 29

1

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 29

1

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 29

2

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 29

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 29

1

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 29

1

S waves can travel through liquids.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 29

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 29

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 29

1

Define the term magnitude.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.
A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 29

1

Define the term intensity.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.
A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 29

1

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

competent

Unconsolidated

oscillates

low

higher

greater

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 29

1

Define: Seismograph

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 29

1

Define: Seismometer

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into a signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 29

1

Define: Seismogram

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 29

4

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 29

2

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

increase

absorb

speed

amplitude

damage

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 29

2

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 29

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 29

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 29

1

How do earthquakes cause liquefaction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The ground vibrates and so behaves like a liquid.
The ground shakes.
The ground collapses due to rise of water.

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 29

1

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 29

5

How can the impact of an earthquake be reduced on built structures?

Flexible pipes and electricity ❌
- prevents pipes from ❌ / stops ❌
Cross-bracing
- ❌ building
Mass on roof of tall buildings / ❌
- acts as a counterbalance as the building ❌
❌ shaped structure
- more stable due to ❌ base
Base ❌
- ❌ ground vibrations
Reinforced ❌
- provides greater ❌ and firmer base

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

cables

fracturing

fires

strengthens

damping

sways

Pyramid

wider

isolation

absorbs

foundations

support

	Creado por Izzy Backhouse hace más de 10 años

pgs. 14-23

1.2 Earthquakes

Pregunta 1 de 29

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Arrastra la opción correcta a cada uno de los puntos naranjas

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 29

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Arrastra la opción correcta a cada uno de los puntos naranjas

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 29

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 29

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 29

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The S wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees. The P wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 29

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 29

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 29

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 29

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 29

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates. = the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 29

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 29

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 29

S waves can travel through liquids.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 29

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Mercalli Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area. - It is a point scale.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 29

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Richter Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves. - The values are then converted into a scale.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 29

Define the term magnitude.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 29

Define the term intensity.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 29

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock: Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily. Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures. L wave amplitude is ❌. ❌ sediment ❌ freely. L wave amplitude ❌. Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 29

Define: Seismograph

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 29

Define: Seismometer

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.