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Test sobre Sin título, creado por sanga_san el 05/04/2014.

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Pregunta 1 de 40

1

An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is ____.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Traditional orientation

  • Rationality

  • Utilitarian

  • Empiricism

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 40

1

Which sociologist is given credit for coining the concept of the "McDonaldization of Society"?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Jeffery Reiman

  • Douglas Massey

  • Howard Winet

  • George Ritzer

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 40

1

Nick was a promising caseworker for an agency. After earning several lower-level promotions, he was appointed to a supervisory position. Supervisory work did not mix well with Nick's abilities and he fell into a professional rut. This is an example of the ____.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Kanter Syndrome

  • Weber effect

  • Peter principle

  • Ouchi Theorem

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 40

1

According to Kanter, organizations sometimes showcase women and minorities by placing them in highly visible positions to demonstrate how progressive they are. Regardless of the type of organization they are in, what do these highly visible positions usually have in common.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They are supervisory jobs with considerable power and autonomy

  • They are highly paid jobs directed toward "fast-track" promotions

  • They are jobs with little power and minimal authority

  • They are highly competitive positions sought after by most members of the organization

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 40

1

It is becoming more common for corporations to provide daycare facilities as fringe benefit for their empoyees. What has evaluative research found regarding the costs and benefits of these facilities?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Day care facilities are ineffective because the are used by only a few employees

  • Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate

  • Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale

  • The results of the research are inconclusive

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 40

1

Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called _____.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ethics

  • Values

  • Folkways

  • Crimes

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 40

1

The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant

  • the nature of one's behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance

  • Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction of society

  • Deviance is analogous to mental illness

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 40

1

In an effort to resist the label of "deviant", most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ___.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ideologies

  • Techniques of neutralization

  • Strategies of justification

  • lableing

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 40

1

According to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a sense of normleness. This sense of normleness is referred to as ____.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Anomie

  • Latent dysfunction

  • mass hysteria

  • retreatism

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 40

1

What are the two most significant "anchoring devices" that insulate a person from a life of crime and imprisonment?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • a good lawyer and big expense account

  • neighborhood and income

  • race and ethnicity

  • marriage and education

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 40

1

In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been _____.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Race

  • Income

  • Education

  • Gender

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 40

1

What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery, caste and estate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the class system is not based on religion

  • the class system has fluid boundaries

  • the class system works in democracies

  • the class system existed before the other three

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 40

1

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society

  • a strong middle class would emerge

  • workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate

  • Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 40

1

Which concept explains the rise of global stratifications including core nations, semi-periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Neocolonialism

  • culture of poverty

  • colonialism

  • world system theory

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 40

1

Why do the ruling elite in the Least Industrialized Nations work so closely with the heads of multinational corporations to develop informal relationships.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • To develop the necessary political stability to maintain partnership

  • to expand the middle class throughout least industrialized nations

  • to increase humanitarian aid to the poor

  • to increase the standard of living of people in poor nations

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 40

1

As described in the text, what are the two myths of race?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Eventually there will only be one race; all races have the same origin

  • there is only one race; intelligence is based on race

  • one race superior to another; pure races exist

  • all races have the same origin; race is a status that cannot be changed

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 40

1

while race might reflect our biological heritage, ___ reflects our cultural heritage

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • gender

  • age

  • ethnicity

  • social class

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 40

1

the best lasagna in the valley. in view of this, which phrase best describes Tony's behavior?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Tony is exercising the concept of ethnic work

  • tony is experiencing a racial identity crisis

  • tony is experiencing role diffusion

  • tony is confused over what his master status is

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 40

1

The belief held by many African Americans that lighter skinned African American women are more attractive than those with darker skin is referred to as ___.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the reformulation of race at the micro-level

  • The internalization of the norms of the dominant group

  • reverse racism at the micro-level

  • race betrayal of the minority class

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 40

1

Prejudice describes ____ while discrimination describes ______.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Values; attitudes

  • Norms; beliefs

  • Attitudes; actions

  • Actions; attitudes

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 40

1

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ____ against Pedro.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Individual prejudice

  • Institutional prejudice

  • individual discrimination

  • institutional discrimination

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 40

1

In American history, who were the white ethics?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They were immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants

  • They were colonists who settled in Canada

  • They were colonists who left the original 13 colonies and moved westward prior to the establishment of the United States.

  • They were colonists loyal to England who did not support American independence

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 40

1

Of all ethnic groups, in which group are children most likely to grow up with two parents and least likely to be born to a single mother?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Native American

  • Asian American

  • Latino American

  • Caucasian European

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 40

1

What are three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ethnicity, race, sex

  • wealth, power, prestige

  • sex, power, education

  • occupation, neighborhoods, wealth

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 40

1

which of the following individuals would have the narrowest field of "eligible" marriage partners based on background expectations?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ruth, a member of the working poor living in Harlem

  • Herbert, a blue-collar machinist living in the city

  • Noelle, the daughter of two high school teachers living in suburbia

  • Christian, the son of a CEO of a major corporation.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 40

1

Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "amens" and "praise jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the _____ class.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • capitalist

  • upper-middle

  • middle

  • lower

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 40

1

What is the relationship between births to a single women and their level of education?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the greater the level of education, the more births to single women

  • the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women

  • the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women

  • there is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 40

1

The Key to effectively maintaining social stratification involves the privileged class controlling ideas and information rather than depending on the use of force.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 40

1

Although it is expensive, coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 40

1

Wealth and incom are interchangeable terms, each meaning the smae in reference to social class

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 40

1

there is a direct relationship between the amount of education an occupation requires and the prestige it holds in society

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 40

1

the higher a person's position on the social ladder, the more likely they will become a victim of crime

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 40

1

The 1985 Vietnam veterans study clearly demonstrated that biology (in this case, testosterone) is the cause of male aggressiveness.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 40

1

The major theories on the origin of patriarchy point to the social consequences of human reproduction

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 40

1

Who proposed the concept that women are better prepared biologically for mothering than men, which is overlaid in culture?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cynthia Fuchs Epstein

  • Margaret Mead

  • Alice Rossi

  • Rebecca Ann Wilson

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 40

1

Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month-old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veteran's study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior

  • Nurture is the dominant force determining human behavior

  • Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together

  • Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 40

1

What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to gender stratification

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • symbolic interactionism

  • exchange theory

  • neo-marxism

  • feminism

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 40

1

Which wave of the women's movement focused on teh problems of women in the least industrialized nations?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the first wave

  • the second wave

  • the third wave

  • the fourth wave

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 40

1

the age range of women most likely to be victims of rape is ____.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 12 to 15

  • 16-19

  • 20-24

  • 25-34

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 40

1

What are the two careers most associated with being successful in politics, both of which are underrepresented by women?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Medicine and education

  • law and medicine

  • education and business

  • law and business

Explicación

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