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Give the structure of an antibody
What's the Fab region?
Give 3 'digestions' of the IgG antibody
Give 4 interactions between antigen-antibody (non covalent)
What are tailored polymers?
For what are tailored polymers used?
How is a tailored polymer made?
Advantages of tailored polymers?
What are the disadvantages of tailored polymers?
What is molecular imprinting?
How is an antibody obtained?
What are polyclonal antibodies?
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Proces of monoclonal antibodies?
How do we select the ibridomi?
How do we clone cells for obtaining a single antibody?
How can we get a large amount of monoclonal antibodies? (techniques)
What are the advantages of monoclonal antibodies? (5)
What are the disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies? (5)
What is a haptene?
How is a haptene build?
two ways to synthesise antibodies on the base of immunogen
How can we produce an antiody specifically for 17 beta estradiolo
How can you produce antibodies for the identification of metal ions?
Write the equilibrium reaction between Analyte and antibody
How can the affinity of an antibody for an analyte be measured?
What do the two lines (1&2) say about the antibody?
What do the red and blue line stand for?
It's difficult to measure the An-Ab complex on the base of physical properties; how can we resolve this problem
What properties must the tracciante have in order to be good?
What kind of markers are there?(5)
The detectionlimit for markers
Why is it more advantagous to use an enzyme as a marker?
Why is it possible to use an enzyme as a marker?
What properties does the enzyme need to have for EIA (enzyme immunoassay)
What are the advantages of using an enzyme as marker?
What are the disadvantages of using an enzyme?
Why are the enzymes added in excess of substrate?
What are two conditions in order to have the product of the reaction proportional to the enzyme?
in a longer timeframe (10-20 min) it's not proportional to the amount of the enzyme
Give the michaelis menten reaction
Give the substrates for the enzyme perossidasi and give the analytical methods (2)
ive the substrates for the enzyme fosfatasi alcalina and give the analytical methods (2) (3)
Give the substrates for the enzyme beta- galattosidasi and give the analytical methods (2) (3)
Give the equation of lambert beer fotometria
What is the concept of fotometria?
What is the concept of fluorescence
Give the equation for the fluoresence
Draw a graph for fluoresence
What is the concept of chemiluminesence?
Give the equation for chemiluminesence
Give the reaction of the oxidation of lumuniolo (3-aminoftalidrazide)
Which enzymes can catalyze the reaction of the oxidation of luminolo?
Give two functions of luminolo
What does AMPPD stand for? and whcih enzyme catalyses the decomposition?
Give the reaction of AMPPD with the presence of the enzyme
In which 4 categories can we classify the immunologic methods?
What's the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous?
What's the difference between competitive and non-competitive systems?
Give 5 ways to immobilze antibodies on a solid phase
Give the determining factors of physical absorption on a solid phase (5)
Give two different ways to capture antibodies on a solid phase
What is the concept of competitive methods?
Give the proces of direct ELISA (heterogeneous competitive)
Give the proces of indirect ELIS
(heterogeneous competitive)
How is the graph for competitive methods?
How do you get the second curve?
Discuss this graph: limite di recelazione, sensibilità, midrange, intervallo dinamico
Give the equation for the logit log equation
What does R stands for as a parameter to obtain a better graph for competitive methods?
Rewrite the eq equation form with R
Describe the following graph:
What's the effect of the concentration of An* marker
dia 84??
What does CR% stands for? and how an we measure it?
To develop a competitive method for a hapten there must be a coherence between the hapten and two other things; what are those two things
How are the immunogen and tracciante synthesized for homogeneous or heterogeneous systems?
What is the concept of EMIT?
There are two systems for EMIT
give the first one
There are two systems for EMIT
give the second one
What's the concept of ECIA
(homogeneous competitive)
What does FP stand for?
(homogeneous competitive)
Give the graph of non-competitive methods
Give the proces of Sandwich ELIS (non competitive heterogeneous)
Which methods can be used for the revelation of an antibody?
Give a non-competitive homogeneous method
Give the curva-dose rispostra of non-competitive methods
Discuss the second graph: imite di rivelazione, sensibilità, intervallo dinamico
How can we reduce the detection limit?
What is the modulation of activity for competitive methods? (MA)
What is the amplification of activity? (AA)
What are the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous methods?
What are the most common cuses of interference with interferents?
Explain the method for analysis of Cadmium (II) in water
Give the determination of Hg(II) EPA official method
Give the production of monoclonal antibodies
What is the production of a stable antibody secreting hybrid
