Fisheries are managed with set TAC's - often not adhered to.

Failed to prevent many managed stocks from collapsing e.g., Gadhus morhua in North Sea - probably could have prevented this if advice followed

EAFM - Ecological Approach to Fisheries Management becoming more widespread - have to manage prey populations of predator you want to catch

Benefits of MPA's to fisheries still debated but this is often because scientific advice is not followed.

BENEFITS INCLUDE

Increase in biomass, abundance and average size of exploited populations in no take zone (protection less for migratory species)
Evidence see in Merrit Island National Wildlife Refuge - 40km2. Near Cape Kennedy space centre, protected since 1960's.
Bohnsack (reported in Roberts et al. 2001) looked at area within 200km of coast around reserve- evidence of improved fish stocks in areas adjacent to reserves
Overspill from MPA, restocking of population
More and larger fish result in increased egg production - larger fish are more fecund
Possible mitigation against ecosystem effects of fisheries - protection of lower trophic level fish means these organisms can support the rest of the food web and commercial species higher up the chain

Example: Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine USA

Very important fishing ground, Cod stock collapse in 1990's - huge economic losses
Set protection from all bottom contact gear
Increase in all stocks within the area within 5 years
Anecdotal evidence from fisherman - best catches are from the edge of MPA's - fishing the line
Closed areas, also reduced fishing effort at the same time
Improvements down to MPA or less fishing?

	Creado por amyycartwright hace alrededor de 10 años

degree MBIO218 Apunte sobre Benefits of MPA's to Conservation and Fisheries, creado por amyycartwright el 29/04/2014.