Shannon Wilkes
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Test sobre MBI 111 Final Exam, creado por Shannon Wilkes el 10/05/2014.

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Shannon Wilkes
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MBI 111 Final Exam

Pregunta 1 de 62

1

What kind of disease is dental caries?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Fungal

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Periodontal Disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Fungal

  • Viral

  • Protozoan

  • Bacterial

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Oral Herpes/Heres Labialis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Viral

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Thrush?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Viral

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Peptic Ulcers?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

  • Bacterial

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Staphylococcus Intoxication?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Protozoan

  • Bacterial

  • Viral

  • Fungal

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Botulism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 62

1

Which of the following are bacterial strains of Enteritis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Rotavirus

  • E.coli

  • Coxsackie

  • Salmonella

  • Bacillus cereus

  • Clostridium perfringens

  • Cryptosporidium parvum

  • Giardia lamblia

  • Campylobacter jejuni

  • Echovirus

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 62

1

Which of the following strains are viral Enteritis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • E.coli

  • Rotavirus

  • Coxsackie

  • Salmonella

  • Bacillus cereus

  • Clostridium perfringens

  • Cryptosporidium parvum

  • Giardia lablia

  • Campylobacter jejuni

  • Echovirus

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 62

1

Which of the following strains are protozoan Enteritis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • E.coli

  • Rotavirus

  • Coxsackie

  • Salmonella

  • Bacillus cereus

  • Clostridium perfringens

  • Cryptosporidium parvum

  • Giardia lamblia

  • Echovrius

  • Campylobacter jejuni

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Clostridium diificile infection?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Cholera?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Viral

  • Protozoan

  • Fungal

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Poliomyelitis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Hepatitis A and E?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Urinary Cystitis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Septicemia and Septic Shock?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Bacterial

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Vaginosis caused by Candida albicans?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

  • Viral

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Vaginosis that caused by gardnerella vaginalis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Protozoal

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Vaginosis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Protozoan

  • Fungal

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 62

1

What kind of infection is gonorrhea?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Chlamydial Disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Bacterial

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Syphilis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

  • Bacterial

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Genital Herpes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial

  • Viral

  • Fungal

  • Protozoan

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Genital Warts?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

  • Protozoan

  • Fungal

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 62

1

What kind of infection is Hepatitis B, C and D?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Protozoan

  • Fungal

  • Viral

  • Bacterial

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 62

1

What kind of infection is AIDS?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Fungal

  • Viral

  • Protozoan

  • Bacterial

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 62

1

Stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori are most effectively treated with what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Antibiotics only

  • Drugs that reduce stomach acid production

  • Avoidance of spicy foods only

  • A change in lifestyle that reduces stress only

  • Drugs that coat the stomach lining only

  • Antibiotics combined with drugs that reduce stomach acid production and ones that coat the stomach lining

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 62

1

Chemical host defense factors for the digestive system include:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Peristalsis

  • Diarrhea

  • Sloughing epithelium

  • Normal Microbiota

  • Enzymes

  • Bile

  • Vomiting

  • Stomach acid

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 62

1

Food-borne infection is caused by microbes in food that infect the intestines of the host, then proliferate and produce toxins there; in contrast, food-borne intoxication results from direct effects of toxins ingested in food that has been stored under conditions that promote microbial growth and toxin production.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 62

1

About a day and a half after a fraternity-sorority picnic (and for a few days after that), many students experienced gastrointestinal distress (cramps, diarrhea and vomiting), along with fever and nausea. Each of these students ingested undercooked barbecued chicken (because of the barbecue sauce, it was difficult to see that the chicken was still pink in color). These students most likely suffered from what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Staphylococcal intoxication

  • Cholera

  • Salmonella enteritis

  • Stomach Ulcers

  • Botulism

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 62

1

Enteritis and periodontal disease are both syndromes because each of these diseases had a number of different etiological agents that ultimately lead to generation of its own characteristic set of signs and symptoms that lets us know that we have either enteritis or periodontal disease.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 62

1

In cases of botulism due to eating contaminated food, appropriate treatment consists of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Antibiotic only

  • Antibiotic and antitoxin

  • Antitoxin only

  • Antibiotic and fluid replacement

  • Letting the disease run its course

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 62

1

When Helicobacter pylori uses urease to generate ammonia to neutralize stomach acid and vacuolating cytotoxin to damage gastric cells to release nutrients, it induces inflammation that leads to infiltration of phagocytes which secrete cytokines that make the inflammation worse and lead to formation of ulcers, which generate a gnawing or burning pain in the abdomen.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 62

1

Select the ONE statement that is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Plaque damage to teeth occurs by means of a specific toxin that erodes tooth enamel

  • Fecal transplant is a "last ditch" method for the treatment of cholera infections

  • Cryptosporidium oocysts can be transmitted in swimming pools by infected young children with diarrhea, even when they are wearing swim diapers or swim pants

  • TLC and supportive care are the only treatments for hepatitis A and E, oral herpes, giardiasis, staphylococcal intoxication and poliomyelitis, because effective CTAs are not available

  • Vaccines are available for cholera, hepatitis A and E and polio, but not rotavirus

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 62

1

Select the ONE answer that is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Once a herpes cold sore or oral herpes lesion disappears, the infection is cured and lesions will not recur

  • Access to good sanitation and clean drinking water is a key to prevention of most gastrointestinal infections worldwide

  • Shigatoxic E.coli (STEC) is uncommon in the US and serious infections are very rare

  • An infected person's feces can contain infectious agents, but their vomitus cannot, due to its highly acidic nature

  • The cysts of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium are readily killed by chlorine, so there is no need to use filtration to purify drinking water

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 62

1

Select ALL of the following that are TRUE

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Because this opportunistic bacterium is a member of the normal microbiota, use of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy (which kills off most of the other normal microbiota) can lead to Clostridium difficult infections, especially in the elderly

  • Food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus can only cause illness in people who eat it while the bacteria are still alive

  • The organisms that cause both dental caries and periodontal disease are normal bacterial microbiota that accumulate on teeth as dental plaque, and the caries they cause can be prevented by regular flossing and brushing with fluoride toothpaste plus biannual tooth cleaning by a dental hygienist

  • Polio begins as an intestinal infection that is followed by a production of a neurotoxin that causes damage of motor neurons in the CNS and leads to flaccid paralysis

  • Botulism is transmitted by improperly canned foods containing bacterial spores that germinate to form vegetative bacteria that grow and produce an exotoxin that can lead to cardiac and/or respiratory failure

  • Cholera toxin leads to sever dehydration, but patients can usually be successfully treated by replacing water and salts, either by oral hydration or by IV administration

  • Toxins play a significant role in hepatitis A and botulism, but not in enteritis or oral Candidiasis (thrush)

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 62

1

Identify ALL of the properties SHARED by infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The signs and symptoms are more apparent in men than in women

  • Signs and symptoms may include painful urination and discharge

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease is not a complication of both of these diseases, just one of them

  • Antibiotic resistance is a significant problem for either of these diseases

  • Due to damage to the fallopian tubes, they may lead to ectopic pregnancy or infertility in women

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 62

1

Although Chlamydia causes the highest number of reported STD cases each year, it is not the number one sexually transmitted infection in the US; in fact, the estimated incidence of Trichomonsas and HPV STIs are both higher than that of Chlamydia STIs

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 62

1

Select the ONE statement that is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Indwelling urethral catheters post little or no risk for nosocomial infections

  • The death rates for septicemia and septic shock makes these maladies the number 11 killer in the country

  • Septicemia, but not septic shock, is associated with loss of blood flow to vital organs

  • In septic shock, the damage is caused by bacteria growing in the lungs and physically clogging them

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 62

1

Because prevention of vaginal infections depends on sloughing of glycogen-containing epithelial cells and maintenance of low vaginal pH by normal microbiota, treatment of urinary cystitis with an antibiotic that kills Gram-positive bacteria is highly unlikely vaginal candidiasis in a twenty-something woman

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 62

1

Identify ALL of the potential results of infection Syphilis

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Formation of a chancre

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease

  • Transmission of syphilis via contact with open lesions

  • Congenital (birth) defects

  • Gumma formation that occurs after a latent period

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 62

1

Select the ONE statement that is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The symptoms characteristics of vaginosis include vaginal inflammation and open cervical lesions, but neither itching or discharge

  • Urinary cystitis is caused by vaginal normal microbiota that are introduced into the urethra during sexual intercourse

  • Vaginosis is a syndrome, the causes of which include fungal, protozoal and bacterial normal microbiota

  • While vaginosis is associated with renal damage, urinary cystitis is not

  • Although condom use will not help prevent vaginosis, personal hygiene can

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 62

1

Select the ONE statement that is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Once an STD is cured, reinfection will not occur, although latent organisms can cause recurrence of some of these diseases

  • With most STDs, when the symptoms go away, one can no longer be considered infectious, so transmission of the disease to a sexual partner is of little concern

  • The latest estimates indicate that 15 million Americans become newly infected with an STD each year, yet these diseases are one of the most under recognized health threats

  • Condoms are not effective in preventing STDs, so vaccination remains the primary means of prevention

  • Women who are promiscuous and practice unprotected sex do not have a higher risk of miscarriage or children with birth defects

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 62

1

Urinary cystitis is not considered an STD; rather it is a urinary tract infection caused by normal GI tract microbiota, frequently E.coli, that are often introduced into the urethra during sexual intercourse.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 62

1

You receive the following medical history from a male patient: development of an odorless, whitish discharge, abdominal pain and burning sensation on urination 10 days following sex with a new partner. Staining of the discharge did NOT reveal gram negative diplococci. His partner probably gave him what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chlamydia

  • Gonorrhea

  • Syphilis

  • Gardnerella

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 62

1

Select the statement that is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Normal microbiota are never associated with genitourinary infections

  • There should be no normal microbiota of any kind in the urinary tract

  • Phagocytes are not a significant cellular host defense factor involved in genitourinary infections

  • Mucus is both a chemical and physical host defense factor involved in preventing genitourinary infections

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 62

1

Which of the following infections have vaccines?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Botulism

  • Rotavirus

  • Cholera

  • Poliomyelitis

  • Hepatitis A

  • Septicemia/Septic Shock

  • Chlamydia

  • Genital Herpes

  • Genital Warts

  • Hepatitis C

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 62

1

Which infections are treated by a procedure/surgery?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dental Caries

  • Periodontal Disease

  • Oral Herpes

  • Botulism

  • Staphylococcal Intoxication

  • Toxic Shock Syndrome

  • Genital Warts

  • Genital Herpes

  • Hepatitis B, C, D

  • HIV/AIDS

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 62

1

Which of all the following are treated with antibiotics/antifungals/antivirals?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Oral Herpes

  • Botulism

  • Toxic Shock Syndrome

  • Septicemia/Septic Shock

  • Vaginosis

  • Chlamydia

  • Gonorrhea

  • AIDS/HIV

  • Syphilis

  • Hepatitis B, C, D

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 62

1

Which of the following infections are treated with antimicrobial agent therapy/other drug therapies?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dental Caries

  • Peptic Ulcers

  • Botulism

  • Toxic Shock Syndrome

  • Septicemia/Septic Shock

  • Enteritis

  • Genital Herpes

  • Genital Warts

  • Clostridium difficile infection

  • HIV/AIDS

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 62

1

Which infections are treated with TLC and supportive measures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Botulism

  • Staphylococcal Infection

  • Enteritis

  • Septicemia/Septic Shock

  • Cholera

  • Toxic Shock Syndrome

  • Poliomyelitis

  • Hepatitis A and E

  • Clostridium difficile infection

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 62

1

You observe the following symptoms in a patient: low-grade fever, anorexia and vomiting, followed by jaundice and pain in the region of the liver. Medical records reveal a history of IV drug abuse. This patient is most likely suffering from what?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Genital Warts

  • Chlamydia

  • Gonorrhea

  • Genital Herpes

  • Hepatitis B

  • AIDS

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 62

1

Select the ONE answer that is TRUE

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • cervical cancer can be a complication of genital herpes, but not genital warts

  • one will develop visible genital sores when they have genital herpes, but not when they have syphilis

  • HIV and gonorrhea are associated with chronic or latent infections, but neither chlamydia nor syphilis has a latent stage

  • penile cancer can be a complication of genital warts, but not genital herpes

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 62

1

Identify ALL the correct statements about HIV/AIDS

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • During asymptomatic HIV infection, levels of virus circulating in the blood remain high

  • Opportunistic diseases are the primary cause of mortality in AIDS patients

  • AIDS is still a significant cause of death of men between the ages of 25 and 44 years in the US

  • Although infected with HIV, people are not considered to have AIDS until they develop opportunistic infections or unusual cancers

  • Combination drug therapies are most effective in reducing circulating HIV than are therapies that utilize only individual drugs

  • During its replication cycle, HIV generates a DNA copy of its genome that is integrated into the chromosomes of infected host cells

  • HIV is remarkably stable genetically because it rarely undergoes mutations

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 62

1

Which statement about genitourinary infections are TRUE?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The lesions typical of genital warts occur only on the genitalia, not on (or in) any other part of the body

  • Hepatitis B and C are both associated with IV drug use and transfusions, as well as with promiscuous sexual behavior

  • In both men and women genital herpes causes genital lesions; it may result in PID, but not cervical damage, in women

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 62

1

Identify ALL the correct statements regarding HPV

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • High-risk types of HPV are the leading cause of oropharyangeal cancer

  • Low-risk HPV strains are not associated with metastatic cancer because they are not known to generate malignant tumors

  • The vaccine for HPV works in either males or females, and it works best when administered before the onset of sexual activity

  • Only females are at risk of developing cancer from HPV, so they are the only people who should receive HPV vaccine

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 62

1

In the US, men are typically diagnosed as having AIDS more readily than women because physicians often don't think to look for HIV in women at first since the incidence of HIV infection is higher in men and because women often develop opportunistic diseases or cancers than this that men develop as the infection progresses

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 62

1

You observed profuse, severe diarrhea to dehydration in a patient. Serologic testing revealed the presence of antibodies to HIV in her blood. The disease signs in this patient most likely resulted from her having what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Tuberculosis

  • Cryptosporidiosis

  • Pneumonystis pneumonia

  • Toxoplasmosis

  • Kaposi's sarcoma

  • Candidiasis

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 62

1

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted diseases is TRUE

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • HIV originated in Africa in 1980, and was spread throughout the world primarily by homosexual contact

  • HIV and syphilis, but neither hepatitis nor genital warts, develop into systemic infections

  • Genital herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia infection can all increase the chances of infection with HIV…they are gateway diseases

  • Both HIV and genital warts, but not genital herpes, are likely to lead to secondary infections of other organisms

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 62

1

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted diseases is TRUE?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Vaccines are available for prevention of both hepatitis B and C, as well as for genital warts

  • Gardasil is effective in females, but not in males, despite great efforts to modify the vaccine so it would be more widely applicable

  • Once a person is infected with the etiological agents of these diseases, no antibiotic cure exists for genital herpes, genital warts or hepatitis B

  • Although there are medications (CTAs) that can help people infected with HIV manage their disease and live longer, they do not infection or AIDS

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 62

1

Select all of the following which can be transmitted from mother to infant

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chlamydia

  • Syphilis

  • Gonorrhea

  • Genital Herpes

  • Hepatitis B

  • HIV

Explicación

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