Which of these are characteristics of an animal cell?
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Which of these are characteristics of a bacterium cell?
Plasmids
Chlorophyll
Chromosomal DNA
Flagellum
Cell wall
What does a light microscope show?
Inside of mitochondria
Outside of Mitochondria
Inside of chloroplasts
Outside of Chloroplasts
Nuclei
Which of these formulae are correct?
Magnification = image height / object height
Magnification = object height / image height
A stand of DNA has a...
triple helix structure.
double helix structure.
single helix structure.
Which of these are the correct base pairs?
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
Guanine-Thymine
Cytosine-Adenine
Base pairs are joined by...
Weak hydrogen bonds
Strong hydrogen bonds
Weak hydrogen fibres
Strong hydrogen fibres
Who discovered the double helix structure?
Watson and Crick
Franklin and Wilkins
Watson and Wilkins
Franklin and Crick
Watson and Crick used this idea and their knowledge of _________ to make a model of a DNA molecule.
Base pairs
Amino acids
Proteins
Genes
Proteins are made from...
amino acids
hydrogen
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
What is mRNA?
A single strand molecule and has the base uracil (U).
A double helix structure.
A single strand molecule and has the base adenine (A).
A single strand molecule and has the base cytosine (C).
Which is the correct order of protein synthesis?
DNA unzips, Transcription, mRNA joins a ribosome, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA, ribosome sticks them together to make a polypeptide (protein), translation.
Translation, DNA unzips, transcription, mRNA joins ribosome, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA, ribosome sticks them together to make a polypeptide (protein).
Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA, ribosome sticks them together to make a polypeptide (protein), translation, DNA unzips, transcription, mRNA joins ribosome.
Mutations can be...
Harmful
Beneficial
Neutral
All of these
What are enzymes? (Select two)
Biological catalysts
Organelles
Cells
How do enzymes work?
Finds it's specific substrate that fits the active sight, the 'lock and key' mechanism.
Finds any substrate to react with
Finds two or more substrates and makes them one
A higher temperature means...
faster reactions.
slower reactions.
nothing.
If it is to hot the enzyme will...
denature.
denurture.
disconnect.
What does denature mean?
The enzyme alters in shape and breaks down other substrates than it usually would.
The enzyme loses its shape and can't break down substrates.
The enzyme loses its shape but continues to work.
What else denatures an enzyme (other than temperature)?
pH
Ph
Concentration of substrates
What else effects the rate of reaction of enzymes?
Concentration (to a certain extent)
Light intensity
Concentration (continually)
Which of the following are benefits of the Human Genome Project?
Develops new and better medicines
Improves forensic sciences
Discrimination from employers/insurers
Geneism
What are the benefits of genetic engineering? (select the answers with the correct examples)
Reduce vitamin A deficiency (golden rice with beta carotene)
Reduce vitamin A deficiency (with supplements)
Producing human insulin (human farming)
Producing human insulin (insulin-producing bacteria)
Increasing crop yield (weather resistant crops)
Increasing crop yield (herbicide resistant crops)
Which of the following show the correct method of genetic engineering?
Useful gene cut out of chromosome using bacteria, bacterium used to cut open another chromosome, useful gene inserted into cut chromosome.
Useful gene cut out of chromosome using enzymes, enzymes used to cut open another chromosome, useful gene inserted into cut chromosome.
Useful gene cut out of chromosome using microscopic knife, microscopic knife used to cut open another chromosome, useful gene inserted into cut chromosome.
Controversy connected with genetic engineering?
Reducing biodiversity.
GM crops aren't safe.
GM crops may not be completely safe.
Could effect the natural environment where it shouldn't.
What are human body cells?
Haploid (23 chromosomes)
Diploid (23 chromosome pairs)
Mitosis is for...
sexual reproduction.
asexual reproduction.
growth and repair.
Which of the following is mitosis?
Gametes are...
Zygotes are...
Which of the following is meiosis?
Cloning is an example of what?
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
This is the process of cloning mammals, what are the issues in doing so?
Reduced gene pool (fewer alleles)
Shortened lifespan
Preserves endangers species
Better understanding of ageing and age-related disorders
Cells in an embryo are...
differentiated.
undifferentiated.
Stem cells can turn into...
any type of cell.
specific types of cell only.
Positives of stem cell research?
Can be used to cure diseases (sickle cell anaemia)
Can be specialised to replace damaged ones
Embryos are potential lives so shouldn't be used.
Which is the correct equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
glucose ---> lactic acid (+energy)
What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
water
oxygen
glucose
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Water concentration
CO2 concentration
Temperature
Which of the following adaptions help photosynthesis? (Some of these are written wrong)
Broad leaves
Thick
Small surface area
The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.
What is this the description for?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Which part of a plant transports water and mineral from the roots to the rest of the plant?
Xylem
Phloem
Which part of a plant transports sugars from the leaves to growing and storing tissues?
What is transpiration? (Select two)
The loss of water from a plant caused by evaporation and diffusion.
The gain of water to a plant caused by osmosis and active transport.
The loss of water from a plant caused by diffusion only.
The gain of water to a plant caused by osmosis only.
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