Urbanisation

Rural-to-urban Migration

Causes of Urbanisation

Reasons for Rural-to-urban Migration

Burgess Model

Central Business District

Inner City

Lower Class Housing

Suburbs

Rural Urban Fringe

Uses of Land in Urban Areas

Issues of Urban Areas in MEDCs

Brownfield Site

Greenfield Site

Brownfield Sites: Advantages

Greenfield Sites: Advantages

Housing: Issue

Housing: Solution

Inner City: 1) UDCs

Example: London Docklands Development Corporation LDDC

Traffic: Issue

Traffic: Solution

CBD: Issue

CBD: Solution

Multicultural Mix: Issue

Multicultural Mix: Solution

Causes of Squatter Settlements

Living Conditions in Squatter Settlements

Improving Conditions: Own Initiative

Improving Conditions: Self-help

Improving Conditions: Site and Service

Improving Conditions: Local Authority Schemes

Kibera: Location and Size

Kibera: Conditions

Kibera: Solutions

Issues of Rapid Urbanisation

Why do these issues exist?

Water Pollution: Ganges

Environmental disasters: Bhopal

Electronic waste: India

Waste and Pollution: Shanghai

Dealing with Water Pollution: Ganges

Dealing with Waste Disposal

Dealing with Air Pollution

Sustainable Cities

Characteristics of Sustainable Cities

What can Cities do to Increase Sustainability?

Conserving Historic Environment

Reducing and Safely Disposing Waste

Providing Adequate Open Space

Involving Local People

Efficient Public Transport Systems

London Olympics 2012: During the Olympics

London Olympics 2012: After the Olympics

Curitiba: Parks

Curitiba: Recycling

Curitiba: BRT system

Curitiba: Housing