Approaches Quiz- Psychology (A2)

Conscious: the information we are aware of are not aware of repress( are aware of, are not aware of, repress ) in the present moment
Preconscious: thoughts and feelings which we may become aware of during dreams or Freudian slips Pavlovian slips Freud's slippers Skinner's slips( Freudian slips, Pavlovian slips, Freud's slippers, Skinner's slips ) (e.g. calling teacher 'mum' instead of 'miss')
Unconscious: the majority minority( majority, minority ) of our mind. It stores all of our instinctive drives current thoughts conscious feelings conscious drives( instinctive drives, current thoughts, conscious feelings, conscious drives ) that have a significant effect on our behaviour and personality. It also represses traumatic happy useful( traumatic, happy, useful ) memories (including, according to Freud, those experienced based on the Oedipus and Electra theory of childhood incestuous thoughts)

Freud describes personality as a tripartite, meaning there are 3 parts:
1. The id: this part operates on our pleasure reality morality surreality obscurity( pleasure, reality, morality, surreality, obscurity ) principle and is based on unconscious conscious( unconscious, conscious ) drives and instincts. It develops at childbirth 2 years old 5 years old 2 weeks old( childbirth, 2 years old, 5 years old, 2 weeks old ), and is characterised by a need for immediate gratification.
2. The ego: the ego mediates between the id and the superego. It operates on the reality surreality obscurity morality pleasure( reality, surreality, obscurity, morality, pleasure ) principle and develops at around 2 years old 5 years old 16 years old 2 weeks old( 2 years old, 5 years old, 16 years old, 2 weeks old ). The main way in which it reduces the conflict between the id and the superego is by using defence offense attack( defence, offense, attack ) mechanisms.
3. The superego: this part operates on the morality reality obscurity surreality pleasure( morality, reality, obscurity, surreality, pleasure ) principle and forms at about 5 years old 2 years old 2 weeks old 16 years old( 5 years old, 2 years old, 2 weeks old, 16 years old ). It is our internalised sense of right and wrong respect black and white( right and wrong, respect, black and white ), and it punishes the ego for wrongdoing via guilt.

The humanistic approach believe in subjectivity objectivity( subjectivity, objectivity ) and self social group psycho( self, social, group, psycho )-determination. In essence, all humans are unique the same( unique, the same ), and should be treated as such; trying to fit people into categories is unnatural natural( unnatural, natural ). This approach is therefore classed as a person group( person, group )-centred approach.

Self-actualisation: the innate acquired( innate, acquired ) desire to grow psychologically physiologically( psychologically, physiologically ) and fulfil one's potential. This is classed as a 'growth deficiency( growth, deficiency ) need' on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, there are 4 deficiency efficiency growth( deficiency, efficiency, growth ) needs (physiological, safety, belonging/love, esteem). In order to move up the hierarchy, you must satisfy dissatisfy( satisfy, dissatisfy ) each need. For example, you cannot satisfy the safety need if the physiological need isn't satisfied. There is also a growth strength actual( growth, strength, actual ) need, self-actualisation, which is achieved when all 3 some( all, 3, some ) needs are satisfied. People in extreme poverty and privation often can't satisfy their physiological needs, let alone self-actualise. This can lead to restlessness restfulness( restlessness, restfulness ) and dissatisfaction satisfaction( dissatisfaction, satisfaction ).

Rogers claimed that, in order for a person to self-actualise, their view of themselves must be congruent incongruent different( congruent, incongruent, different ) to their ideal self (the person they want to be). If the gap between the self and the ideal self is too large small( large, small ), incongruence congruence( incongruence, congruence ) occurs, and negative positive( negative, positive ) feelings of self-worth ensue.
For example, if Person A's ideal self is a mechanic with 2 kids and a happy relationship with their partner while living in the UK, but their current self is unemployed with no kids or relationship and they live in Antarctica, incongruence would occur.

Rogers created client group self ego( client, group, self, ego )-centred therapy to reduce increase( reduce, increase ) the gap between the self and the ideal self for clients. He found that many adult experiences, such as low self-esteem, are the result of early childhood experiences and a lack of unconditional conditional( unconditional, conditional ) love on their parents' part. Because of this, Rogers aimed to provide his clients with unconditional positive negative( positive, negative ) regard. This meant the atmosphere of the therapy was warm and non-judgemental judgemental analytical( non-judgemental, judgemental, analytical ), and the client is encouraged to discover their own solutions.