Chapter 10: The Medieval Reformation

The German kingdom raised by the pope to the imperial title once held by Charlemagne:

Lands and the wealth they produce, given as a grant by a secular lord to a member of the clergy; a fief:

The granting of the symbols of spiritual and temporal authority to a bishop:

The practice by lay rulers of granting the symbols of spiritual authority to churchmen, such as bishops and abbots:

Having to do with worldly or temporal matters, not spiritual:

The buying and selling of Church offices or privileges for money:

The beginning of the medieval reformation:

The electors of a pope, established by Pope Nicholas II:

One who claims to be pope while the true pope is ruling:

First Roman Emperor of the Germans:

Second Roman Emperor of the Germans:

Third and last of the Ottos; reform emperor

Gerbert of Aurillac; pope, scholar, reformer:

Hildebrand; pope and reformer:

The German Roman emperor who fought Gregory VII over the right of investiture:

A superior in a monastery or religious house; second in authority to the abbot:

One who has rank, power, or influence; a prince, duke, count, margrave, etc.:

An assembly of princes gathered to make laws or decide on measures a government should take:

An official representative or emissary:

An expert in canon (or Church) law:

An agreement, compact, or covenant: