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Flashcards by dhillon.sajeev, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What factors does age determine that affects our suitability for certain activities? | Flexibility, Strength, Oxygen Capacity, Recovery Times |
| What are the four categories that disability exists in? | Mental, Physical, Permanent, Temporary |
| What are the characteristics of an Ectomorph and what sports would be suited to this body type? | Characteristics: Predominantly long, slender and thin with narrow hips and shoulders, thin arms and legs and a low % of fat and muscle Sports: Endurance events and gymnastics |
| What is fatigue? | Fatigue is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness brought on by extreme exertion. |
| What is passive leisure? What are the benefits of passive leisure? | It is taking part in activities that does include significant exertion of physical and mental energy i.e. walking to the cinema. Although there are not many physical benefits these activities are very relaxing and may lead to better social and mental well-being. |
| What is active leisure? What are the benefits of active leisure? | It is taking part in activities that include some exertion of physical and mental energy which often includes low impact activities such as yoga and dog walking. There are high impact activities such as kickboxing. You can gain general fitness whilst relaxing to a degree. |
| What is leisure time? | Leisure time is free time when you can do what you choose, a time to take part in physical activity or sport |
| What is power? | A combination of your maximum speed and strength. |
| How can individual factors affect activity levels? | People with more time (i.e. young people) may be able to take part in more physical activity as opposed to an adult working full-time. Old people may not enjoy the demanding aspect of competitive activities and may just undertake recreational activities to relax. |
| What is health? | Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. |
| What is fitness? | Fitness is the capability of the body to meet the daily demands made upon it without stress. Fitness is one aspect of general health. |
| What is speed? | The ability to move all parts of your body as quickly as possible. It is a combination of reaction time and movement time. |
| What is cardiovascular endurance? | It is the ability to keep the lungs and heart working efficiently during exercise. |
| What is agility? | A combination of flexibility and speed and is the ability to move quickly, changing direction and speed whenever possible. |
| What is balance? | It is the ability to maintain a given posture in static and dynamic situations and to be able to stay level and stable. |
| What is coordination? | It is the ability to link all parts parts of movement into one smooth movement by controlling the body during physical activity. |
| What is reaction time? | The time taken for the body, or a part of the body to respond to a stimulus. |
| What is timing? | It is the ability to coincide movements in relation to external factors. |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Movement at joints Support for muscles and vital organs Shape maintaining the basic body shape Protection Blood cell production in the bone marrow |
| What is a joint? | A joint is a connection point between two bones where movement occurs. |
| What are the types of joints? Give examples | Hinge-elbow, knee Ball and socket-hip, shoulder Pivot-wrist Condyloid-wrist Saddle-thumb Gliding-bones in the hand |
| What 3 categories do all types of joints come under? Give examples | Synovial-freely movable joints-i.e hip Slightly movable-i.e. vertebrae Immovable-i.e. bones in the skull |
| What are the most common specific movements?(i.e flexion) | Flexion-decreasing an angle at a joint Extension-increasing the angle at a joint Abduction- movement of bone or limb away from the midline of the body Adduction-movement of bone or limb toward the midline of the body Rotation-bone or limb moves round freely in a curve |
| What is isontonic and isometric contraction and what are the differences between both? | Isotonic contractions occur when the body moves and can be concentric (when the muscle shortens) or eccentric (when the muscles gradually lengthens to its original length) Isometric contraction occur when there is no movement of either the limb or the joint as the muscles are working together to keep the joint stable |
| What is a balanced diet? | A balanced diet is a diet that has the correct proportions of nutrients for healthy growth and activity. |
| How can you overload your body (with FIT)? | Frequency-increasing the amount of training session per week Intensity-increasing the actual amount of things you do Time-increasing the duration of your training session |
| What are the principles of training? | Specificity, Progression, Overload, Reversibility, Tedium |
| What is carbohydrate loading and why is it done? | Endurance athletes tend to eat plenty or starch-rich foods in the week before a competition. The starch increases glycogen stores in the muscles which delays muscle fatigue in the end stages of a competition as it is a slow-release form of energy. |
| Anyone taking part in organised sport is expected to understand the concept of etiquette, what are some examples of etiquette in sport? | Kicking the ball out of play to allow the referee to stop the game for an injured players Shaking hands with opponents before and after each games |
| What is the break down of the training year and what is done in each phase? | Pre Season- there is an impetus on fitness, skills for the sport may be touched upon Competition-games are actually played and skills are practiced with ongoing fitness sessions Closed seasons-general fitness levels are maintained amidst rest periods |
| Why do muscles work in pairs? | Muscles work in pairs as they can only push and pull. One muscles is the antagonist (that relaxes to allow movement) whilst the other is the prime mover ( the agonist that originally contracts to allow movement) |
| What are the three main types of connective tissue and what are their purposes? | Tendons-strong, non-elastic chords that join muscle to bone Cartilage-tough, flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between bones at joints Ligaments-bands of fibre attached to the bones that link to the joints that keep them stable |
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