Population Change

Question	Answer
Zero Growth	a population in balance. Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease.
Natural Decrease (ND)	the death rate is greater than the birth rate.
Exponential growth	a pattern where the growth rate constantly increases – often shown as a J-curve graph.
Birth rate (BR)	the number of babies born per 1,000 people per year.
Death rate (DR)	the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
Natural change	the difference between birth rate and death rate, given as a percentage
Natural increase (NI):	the birth rate is greater than the death rate.
Life expectancy	the number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth.
Newly industrialising countries (NICs)	these include the Asian ‘tigers’ as well as other emerging industrial nations such as Malaysia, the Philippines and China.
Asian ‘tiger’	one of the four east Asian countries of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, where manufacturing industry grew rapidly from the 1960s to the 1990s.
Image: 2 (image/jpg)	High fluctuating
Demographic transition model (DTM)	a theoretical model that shows changes in population information (birth and death rates and population growth) over a period of time.
DTM Stage 1 – High fluctuating	The birth rate is high and fluctuating, the death rate is also high and fluctuating, the total population is stable and there is no natural changes in the population. Only examples of this are tribes
DTM Stage 2 – Early Expanding	The birth rate is still high and fluctuating, the death rate falls rapidly, the total population rises rapidly and there is a natural rapid increase. Only example of this is Afganistan
DTM Stage 3 – Late Expanding	The birth rate falls rapidly, the death rate is low and fluctuating, the total population is still increasing and the natural increase is decreasing. Examples of this are found in most places around the world
DTM Stage 4 – Low Fluctuating	The birth rate is low and fluctuating, the death rate is also low and fluctuating, the total population is high and stable and there is no natural increase or decrease. Examples of this are the UK
DTM Stage 5 – Natural Decrease	The birth rate falls below the death rate, the death rate stays low and fluctuating, the total population falls slightly and there is a natural decrease. Examples of this is Germany
AMEW	These are the four reasoning's for the change in population, between stage 2 and stage 3
Agricultural change	Farmers can now use machines so do not need as many children as they are now no use on the farm
Urbanisation	the growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
Rural-to-urban migration	Moving from a rural area to settle in a town or city
Push factor	Something that makes people want to leave an area
Pull factor	Something that attracts people to an area
Educational Change	The law states that every child must be schooled and so become less of an asset and therefore people do not want as many kids
Women’s status change (emancipation)	Women are treated equally and taught more so there are more women working and not staying home and looking after children so there are less children being born
Population Pyramids	These show three important things, the death rate of a population, the birth rate of a population and the size of a population
Wide base	High birth rate
Narrowing base	Falling birth rate
Narrow base	Low birth rate
Convex (bulge)	Baby boom within that generation
Steep sides with a narrow top	High death rate
Wide top	Low death rate
High apex (tall)	High life expectancy
Short pyramid	Low life expectancy
Sudden narrowing around age 5	High infant mortality
Age structure:	the proportions of each age group in a population. This links closely to the stage a country has reached in the demographic transition model.
Gender structure	the balance between males and females in a population. Small differences can tell us a great deal about a country or city.
Infant mortality	the number of babies that die under a year of age, per 1,000 live births
Child mortality	the number of children that die under five years of age, per 1,000 live births.
Transmigration	a population policy that aims to move people from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas and provide them with opportunities to improve the quality of their lives.
Transmigration	a population policy that aims to move people from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas and provide them with opportunities to improve the quality of their lives.
Industrialisation	a process, usually associated with the development of an economy, where an increasing proportion of people work in industry.
European Union (EU)	a group of countries across Europe that work towards a single market, i.e. they trade as if they were one country, without any trade barriers.
Dependency ratio	the balance between people who are independent (work and pay tax) and those who depend on them. Ideally, the fewer dependents for each independent person, the better off economically a country is.
Migration	the movement of people from one permanent home to another, with the intention of staying at least a year. This move may be within a country (national migration) or between countries (international migration).
Host country	the country where a migrant settles.
Country of origin	the country from which a migration starts.
Immigrant:	someone entering a new country with the intention of living there.
Emigrant	someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country.
Asylum seekers	people who believe that their lives are at risk if they remain in their home country and who seek to settle in another (safe) country.

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	Created by John Ditchburn about 10 years ago