10193587
Description
Flashcards by Lexi Crosbie, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lexi Crosbie
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Croup | Definition: laboured breathing and a harsh, dry cough that frequently is accompanied by fever. Caused by a viral infection. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Definition: hereditary disease where secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive clogging of the bronchi and bronchioles. Looks like: increased radiodensities in specific lung regions and Hyperinflation of the lungs can often occur to due blocked airways |
| Epiglottitis | Definition: bacterial infection of the epiglottis which is serious and can rapidly become fatal as airways can become blocked from swelling. |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
Definition: aka Hyaline membrane disease in infants. The alveoli and capillaries of the lungs are injury or infected resulting in leakage of fluid and blood into the spaces between alveoli or into the alveoli themselves.
The normal air filled spaces are filled with fluid which can be seen on x-ray as an increased density throughout the lungs in a granular pattern.
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Rds (binary/octet-stream)
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| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome | Definition: during birth, the fetus under stress may pass some meconium stools into the amniotic fluid which can be inhaled into the lungs. May result in the blockage of the airway causing the air sacs to collapse which may cause a lung to rupture and lead to a pneumothorax or atelectasis. |
| Congenital Goitre | Definition: an enlarged thyroid at birth. Cause: an underactive or overactive thyroid - Cretinism: neonatal form of hypothyroidism. Jaundice and slow bone growth - Neonatal Grave's Disease: hyperthyroidism. Life threatening illness that occurs in infants whose mothers have or have had Grave;s disease. The enlarged thyroid can press against the airway and close it causing breathing difficulties. |
| Craniostenosis/Craniosynotosis | Definition: deformity of the skull caused by premature closure of the skull sutures. Most commonly involves the sagittal suture and results in an AP elongation of the skull. |
| Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) |
Definition: the femoral head is separated from the acetabulum in the newborn.
Cause: unknown but more seen in girls, breech infants and those with close relative DDH.
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Ddh (binary/octet-stream)
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| Osteochondrodysplasia | Definition: a group of hereditary disorders in which the bone grown abnormally, most often causing dwarfism or short stature. e.g. achondroplasia: decreased bone formation in the growth plates of long bones, meaning the upper and lower limbs are usually short with a near-normal torso. |
| Kohler's Bone Disease | Definition: causes inflammation of bone and cartilage of the navicular bone of the foot |
| Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease | Definition: leads to abnormal bone growth at the hip. The femoral head first appears flattered and then later fragmented. Most common in boys |
| Osgood-Schlatter Disease | Definition: causes inflammation at the tibial tuberosity. |
| Scheuermann's Disease | Definition: bone development changes of the vertebrae result in kyphosis |
| Osteogensis Imperfecta | Definition: hereditary disorder in which the bones are abnormally soft and fragile. |
| Infantile Osteomalacia (Rickets) | Definition: developing bones do not harden or calcify causing skeletal deformation. Most common sign is bowed legs with bowing of the bones of distal femur, tibia and fibula. |
| SALTER Harris Fractures | Definition: S - Slipped: TYPE I. Transverse fracture along the epiphyseal plate which may involve the slipping of the epiphyses. Does not involve bone! A - Above: TYPE II. Fracture through most of growth plate and up through the metaphysis. L - Lower: TYPE III. Fracture passes some distance along the growth plate and down through the epiphysis. T - Through: TYPE IV. Fracture through the metaphysis, growth plate and down through the epiphysis. R - Ruined: TYPE V. Compression fracture of the epiphyseal plate. |
| Talipes | Definition: clubfoot. Congenital deformity of the foot. |
| Atresias | Definition: congenital condition that requires surgery because an opening to an organ is missing |
| Hematuria | Definition: blood in urine |
| Hirschsprungs Disease | Definition: congenital megacolon. A congenital condition of the large intestine. Nerves that control rhythmic contractions are missing which results in severe constipation or vomiting. |
| Hypospadias | Definition: a congenital condition of infant boys where the opening of the urethra is to the underside of the penis |
| Ileus |
Definition: intestinal obstruction that is not mechanical but caused by lack of contractile movement of the intestinal wall
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Ileus (binary/octet-stream)
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| Intussesception | Definition: mechanical obstruction that is caused by the telescoping of a loop of intestine into another loop. Most common in distal small bowel. |
| Meconium ileus | Definition: mechanical obstruction where the intestinal contents become hardened creating a blockage, often found with cystic fibrosis. |
| Necrotising enterocolitis | Definition: inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine that is caused by injury or inflammation. Can lead to tissue death |
| Polycystic kidney disease | Definition: inherited renal condition were many cysts form in the kidney causing enlargement. |
| Pyelonephritis | Definition: bacterial infection of the kidneys most commonly associated with vesicouretal reflux of urine from the bladder back into the kidneys |
| Pyloric Stenosis | Definition: narrowing or blockage at the pylorus or stomach outlet that occurs in infants. Often leads to forceful repeated vomiting. |
| Wilms' Tumour | Definition: cancer of the kidneys of embryonic origin. Usually in kids younger than 5 years old. |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | Definition: causes a backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys, increasing the chance of spreading infection from the urethra and bladder to the kidneys |
| Osteochondrosis | Definition: primarily affects the epiphyseal plates of long bones resulting in pain, deformity and abnormal bone growth. Includes: Kohler's Bone Disease, Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, Osgood-Schlatter DIsease, Scheuermann's Disease |
| Spina bifida (and types) | Definition: posterior aspect of the vertebrae fail to develop, exposing part of the spinal cord. - Myelocele: mose severe type. The spinal cord comes through the opening. Most serious in cervical spine. - Spina bifida occulta: mild form characterised by some defect or splitting of the posterior arch of the L5-S1 region without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. |
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