10243948
Description
Flashcards by Chloe Drewery, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chloe Drewery
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Aromatic compound | A compound containing one or more benzene rings. |
| Electrophilic addition | An addition reaction in which the first step is attack by an electrophile on a region of high electron density. |
| Benzene | It is an aromatic compound containing 6 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. |
| Pi bonds | A pi bond is formed by the side ways overlap of two pi-orbitals, with the electron density above and below the plane of the bonding atoms. |
| Enthalpy change of hydrogenation | The change in enthalpy when one mol of an unsaturated compound reacts with an excess of hydrogen to be come fully saturated at atmospheric pressure and temperature with reactants and products in their natural states. |
| Electrophilic substitution | It is the process where an electrophile is attracted to an electron dense atom/centre and is accepts a pair of electrons. |
| Electron Density | It is the measure of probability that an electron is present at a specific location. |
| Coordinate bond | Also called a dative bond. It is where the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond are from the same one atom. |
| Catalyst | It is a substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up. It is regenerated at the end of the reaction. |
| Alkylation | It is the process of electrophilic substitution which substitutes a hydrogen atom for a alkyl group. |
| Acylation | It is the process of electrophilic substitution which substitutes a hydrogen atom for a COCl group. |
| Activating Group | Reacts readily with electrophiles. The side groups go to 2,4 and 6. NH2 and OH are activating groups. NH2 is 2,4 directing. |
| Deactivating Group | It withdraws electrons from the cloud. This decreases electron density. The side groups go to 3 and 5. NO2 is a deactivating group. It is 3 directing. |
| Properties of phenol | Acts like a weak acid. Dissolves in water. More reactive than benzene. However it is less soluble than alcohol due to the non-polar benzene ring. |
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