10570160
Description
Flashcards by Cornel Swart, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Cornel Swart
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Branched ; Carbon Based Structure | |
| Chain ; Carbon Based Structure | |
| Ring ; Carbon Based Structure | |
| All organisms are made up of four main types of carbon-based molecules. What are they? | Carbohydrate, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| What are Carbohydrate's used for? | Can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells |
| What are monosaccharides? | Sugars are the most basic carbohydrates |
| What are the three kinds of monosaccharides? | -Fructose -Glucose -Sucrose |
| What are polysaccharids? | Many glucose can be linked to make polysaccharids |
| What are the three kinds of polysaccharids? | -Starches: are made and stored by plants -Glycogen: is known as "Animal Starch" -Cellulose: is a building block in plant structure |
| What is a lipid? | -Non-polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol -Some are broken down as source of usable energy for cells -Other lipids are part of a cell's structures -Store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms |
| All lipids contain what a molecule called ________ bonded to molecules, called _____ _____. | -Glycerol -Fatty Acids |
| What are triglycerides? | -Many lipids contain 3 fatty acids (hence tri) - 3x fatty acids ---> Glycerol |
| What are saturated fats? | -Most animal fats are saturated fats -Most saturated fats will be solid -This means have maximum # of hydrogen atoms possible |
| What are unsaturated fats? | -Fatty acids in oil (unsaturated) -Most unsaturated fats will LIQUID -Oil have fewer hydrogen atoms because at least double bond between carbon atoms |
| What are all cell membranes made of? | Phospholipids |
| What are waxes? | -Consists of a long fatty acid joined to a long alcohol chain -All waxes have firm consistent and repel water |
| What is cholesterol? | -Lipid that has a ring structure -Your body needs certain amount to function -part of the cell membranes, body uses it to make steroid hormones |
| What are proteins? |
-a polymer made of monomers of amino acids
-Organisms use twenty different amino acids to build proteins
-Your body can make twelve of the amino acids, others come from foods, meat, beans, and nut's
Image:
Peanut (binary/octet-stream)
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| What are the three parts in every amino acids? | -Hydrogen atom -an amino group (NH2) -Carboxyl group (COOH) -Amino acids differ only in their side group, or the R-Group |
| What is a peptide bond? | -Amino acids that form covalent bonds with each other |
| What determines a protein's structure and function? | -The specific sequence of amino acids |
| What is Denaturation? | -When polypeptides unwind and change shape - (Proteins and others cannot function unless they stay coiled, folded and packed into a precise way) |
| What are nucleotides? | -Detailed instruction's to build proteins -Nucleic acids are polymers that are made up of monomers |
| What is ATP? | -Ready energy for the body |
| What do coenzyme's do? | -Move electrons and hydrogen from one reaction site to another (ex photosynthesis) -Also act as chemical messengers within and between cells |
| What are nucleic acids? | -Certain nucleotides function as monomers for single and double stranded molecules |
| What are nucleotides structures composed of? | -Sugar -Phosphate Group -Nitrogen containing base |
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